berlin physica (48 risultati)

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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Traditional trade theory explains trade only by differences between countries, notably differences in their relative endowments of factors of production. It suggests an inverse relationship between the similarity of countries and the volume of trade between them. The Heckscher-Ohlin (HO) factor propor tions theory derives the determinants of comparative advantage in a world of 'two-ness' (two goods, two factors, two countries). It predicts that each country will export that good which uses the country's abundant factor rel atively most intensively. The literature on trade offers an impressive number of studies based on the HO theory. The main methodological problems en countered in the literature are: first, the appropriate formulation of the HO theorem in a multi-factor, multi-good and multi-country framework; second, proper tests of the HO theory and proper links of the theory to empirical analysis. The relevance of the HO theory began to be questioned when important facts of modern international trade proved to be inconsistent with its theoretical framework. Leontief (1953) tested the factor proportions theory, using the US data for 1947, and found that the US had more labor-intensive exports than imports, which is opposed to both perceptions and estimations of factor endowments. The Leontief Pamdoxcreated doubt as to whether or not actual trade patterns and factor endowments are related as predicted by theory, and caused many controversial discussions with regard to the proper empirical implementation of the factor proportions theory.

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Condizione: Gut. X, 339 S. : graph. Darst. ; Zustand: Ausgabe 1999 , Exemplar in gutem Zustand, vereinzelte Markierungen im Text, Ränder und / oder Cover etwas berieben. Mit 159 Abbildungen u. 42 Tabellen. Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Beiträge, Band 171 , Zeitstetige Modellierung.- I. Zeitstetige Dynamische Systeme.- 2. Deterministische Differentialgleichungen.- 2.1 Nichtlineare Systeme 1. Ordnung.- 2.2 Lineare Systeme 1, Ordnung.- 2.2.1 Inhomogene Gleichungen.- 2.2.2 Nichtautonome inhomogene Gleichungen.- 2.3 Beispiele.- 3. Stochastische Differentialgleichungen.- 3.1 Differentialgleichungen mit zufälligen Parametern.- 3.2 Wiener-Prozeß und weißes Rauschen.- 3.3 Stochastische Integrale und Itô-Differentialgleichungen.- 3.4 Itô-Kalkül.- 3.4.1 Totales Differential bei deterministischen Funktionen.- 3.4.2 Itô-Formel und Itô-Taylor-Entwicklung.- 3.4.3 Beispiele.- 3.5 Stratonovich-Integrale.- 3.6 Itô oder Stratonovich ?.- 3.7 Lineare stochastische Differentialgleichungen.- 3.8 Vorwärts- und Rückwärtsgleichung.- 3.8.1 Kramers-Moyal-Entwicklung.- 3.8.2 Fokker-Planck-Gleichung.- 3.8.3 Beispiele.- 3.8.4 Kolmogoroff- und Feynman-Kac-Formel.- 3.9 SDE, Markoff- und Diffusionsprozesse.- 3.10 Gleichungen für die Momente.- 4. Simulation von Differentialgleichungen.- 4.1 Deterministische Differentialgleichungen.- 4.2 Stochastische Differentialgleichungen.- 4.3 Starke und schwache Konvergenz.- 4.4 Beispiele.- 4.4.1 Wiener-Prozeß und weißes Rauschen.- 4.4.2 Geometrische Brownsche Bewegung.- 5. Zustandsraum-Modelle und Zustandsschätzung.- 5.1 Definition.- 5.2 Modelle mit farbigen Rauschtermen und Personeneffekten.- 5.3 CAR-, CARMA- und CARMAX-Modelle.- 5.4 Optimale Schätzung von Zuständen.- 5.5 Kalman-Filter (diskreter Fall).- 5.6 Kalman-Filter (kontinuierlich-diskreter Fall).- 5.7 Kalman-Bucy-Filter (kontinuierlicher Fall).- 5.8 Kalman-Glätter.- 5.9 Erweiterter Kalman-Filter (kontinuierlich-diskreter Fall).- 5.10 Nichtlinearer kontinuierlich-diskreter Filter.- 5.11 Gaußscher Kerndichte-Filter (kontinuierlich-diskreter Fall).- 5.12 Diskretisiertes kontinuierliches Sampling (DKS).- 5.13 Funktional-Integral-Filter (FIF).- 5.14 Zusammenfassung der nichtlinearen Filteralgorithmen.- 5.15 Beispiele.- 6. Parameterschätzung: Lineare Systeme.- 6.1 Lineare Systeme mit konstanten Koeffizienten.- 6.1.1 Identifikation der System-Matrizen.- 6.1.2 Exakte ML-Schätzung.- 6.1.3 Systeme ohne Meßmodell.- 6.1.4 Approximative ML-Schätzung.- 6.1.5 Beispiel: Das Phillips-Modell.- 6.1.6 Beispiel: Einstellung zu Gastarbeitern.- 6.2 Unregelmäßige Zeitabstände und fehlende Werte.- 6.2.1 AR-Modell mit exogenen Variablen (Sprung-Funktionen, Polygonzüge und Spline-Funktionen).- 6.2.2 Gemischte Stock- und Flow-Daten.- 6.3 Lineare Systeme mit zeitabhängigen Koeffizienten.- 6.3.1 Beispiel: variable Wachstumsmodelle.- 6.3.2 Beispiel: Brownsche Brücke.- 6.4 Parameterschätzung mit zeitstetigen Daten.- 7. Parameterschätzung: Nichtlineare Systeme.- 7.1 Diskretisiertes kontinuierliches Sampling.- 7.2 Erweiterter Kalman-Filter mit fehlenden Werten.- 7.3 EKF und Erweiterung des Systemzustands.- 7.4 Vorhersage-Fehler-Methoden.- 7.4.1 Zusammenhang mit der ML- und KQ-Methode.- 7.4.2 Rekursive Identifikation.- 7.5 Beispiel: Grenzzyklus-Modell.- 7.6 Exakte Likelihood mit Hilfe der Fokker-Planck-Gleichung.- 7.7 Beispiel: Diffusion im bimodalen Potential.- 7.8 Kerndichte-Filter, DKS und Funktional-Integral-Filter.- 7.8.1 ML-Methode.- 7.8.2 Bayes-Methode.- II. Statistische Bewertung von Optionen.- 8. Zeitstetige finanzwirtschaftliche Prozesse.- 8.1 Wiener-Prozeß und geometrische Brownsche Bewegung.- 8.2 CEV-Diffusionsprozesse.- 8.3 Modelle mit stochastischen Volatilitäten/GARCH-Limes.- 8.4 Verallgemeinerte Itô-Prozesse.- 9. Black-Scholes-Differentialgleichung.- 9.1 Optionen.- 9.2 Rückwärtsgleichung mit Inhomogenität.- 9.3 Martingal-Maß und der Satz von Girsanov.- 9.4 Feynman-Kac-Formel und Greensche Funktionen.- 9.5 Spezialfälle.- 9.5.1 Black-Scholes-Formel.- 9.5.2 Cox-Ross-Optionspreis-Formel (CEV-Modell).- 9.6 Numerische Lösungsmethoden.- 9.6.1 Monte Carlo-Simulation der Feynman-Kac-Formel.- 9.6.2 Endliche Differenzen-Methoden.- 10. Parameterschätzung.- 10.1 ML-Schätzung von Diffusionskoeffizienten.- 10.2 GBB: Maximum-Likelihood-Methode.- 10.2.1 stetige Datensätze.- 10.2.2 diskrete Datensätze.- 10.3 CEV-Modell.- 10.3.1 Kleinste-Quadrate-Methoden.- 10.3.2 Approximative und exakte ML-Schätzung.- 10.3.3 Zusammenfassung.- 10.4 Schätzmethoden für allgemeine Itô-Prozesse.- 10.5 Multivariate Ansätze und State Space-Modelle.- Stochastische Volatilitäten.- 11. Ausgewählte Aktien und Optionsscheine.- 11.1 Allianz.- 11.2 Münchner Rück.- 11.3 Bayer 87/97.- 11.4 Bayer 85/95.- 11.5 Simulierter CEV-Optionsschein.- 11.6 Zusammenfassung.- Abkürzungen und Bezeichnungen. 15119A ISBN 9783790812046 Sprache: Deutsch Gewicht in Gramm: 560 kart. 24 cm , Softcover / Paperback,

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book is a translation of the up-dated version of my German textbook that was written parallel to my lecture 'Design of Experiments' which I held at the University of Munich. It was often called to my attention by statisticians in the pharmaceutical in dustry, that there is a need for a summarizing and standardized representation of the design and analysis of experiments, that includes the different aspects of classical theory for continuous response and of modern procedures for categori cal and especially correlated response, as well as more complex designs, as for example cross-over and repeated measures. My staff and graduate students played an essential part in the preparation of the manuscript. They wrote the text in well-tried precision (Andreas Fie ger), worked out examples (Andreas Fieger, Christian Kastner), and prepared several sections in this book (Ulrike Feldmeier, Sabina Illi, Elke Ortmann, An drea Schopp, Irmgard Strehler, Christian Kastner, Oliver Loch). I am appreciative of the efforts of those who assisted in the preparation of the English version. In particular, I would like to thank Sabina Illi and Oliver Loch, as well as V.K. Srivastava (University of Lucknow, India) for their careful reading of the English version and invaluable suggestions. 465 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This volume evolved from a conference on 'Financial Markets Economet rics' held at the ZEW (Zentrum fiir Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung) in Mannheim, Germany in February, 1992. However, not all papers included in this volume were presented at the conference. In some cases the papers are follow-up papers to the ones presented. The purpose of the conference was to bring together researchers from several European countries to discuss their applications of recent economet ric methods to the analysis of financial markets. From a methodological point of view the main emphasis of the conference papers was on cointe gration analysis and ARCH modelling. In . cointegration analysis the links between long-run components of time series are studied and the methods can .be applied to the determination of equilibrium relationships between the vari ables, whereas ARCH models (ARCH is the acronym of autoregressive condi tional heteroskedasticity) are concerned with the measurement and analysis of changing variances in time series. These two models have been the most significant innovations' for the empirical analysis of financial time series in recent years. Six papers of this volume apply cointegration analysis (the papers by MacDonald/Marsh, Hansen, Ronning, Garbers, Kirchgassner/Wolters, and Kunst/Polasek) and seven papers deal with ARCH models (Kramer/Runde, Drost, Kunst/Polasek, Kugler, Eggington/Hall, Koedijk/Stork/deVries, and Demos/Sentana/Shah). Other econometric methods and models applied in the papers include factor analysis (Eggington/Hall and Demos/Sentana/ Shah), vector autoregressions (Kirchgassner/Wolters and Kunst/Polasek), Markov-switching models (Garbers and Kaehler /Marnet), spectral analysis (Kirchgassner/Wolters), stable Paretian distributions (Kramer/Runde and Drost) and ARFIMA models (Drost). 230 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This volume is devoted to the hysteresis phenomenon in economic relationships. This topic has received renewed attention in economics especially in the late eigh ties. Since the issue is not settled there is still a growing literature on it. The aim of this volume is to summarize the findings, present new results, and to draw attention to further research. All papers are written for this volume and are not published elsewhere. I am very grateful to all authors and referees without whose prompt and generous help this volume would not appear in the present form. A short summary of each paper is given in section 5 of the overview paper. Konstanz, January 1990 Wolfgang Franz University of Konstanz Contents Hysteresis in Economic Relationships: An Overview W. Franz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Hysteresis in Trade R. Baldwin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Some Evidence on the Membership Hysteresis Hypothesis in Europe M. C. Burda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Insider-Outsider Influences on Industry Wages D. T. Coe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Testing forHysteresis in Unemployment An Unobserved Components Approach A. Jaeger and M. Parkinson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Unemployment and Deterioration of Human Capital J. Moller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Hysteresis, Nairn and Long Term Unemployment in Austria P. Neudorfer, K. Pichelmann and M. Wagner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Hysteresis in Economic Relationships: An Overview l By W. Franz Can the socialist man be created so as not to show any hysteresis trace of his bourgois or peasant past N. Georgescu-Roegen (l971. p. 126) 1 Introduction The hysteresis phenomenon has received renewed attention in economic science. 121 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This work examines the political economy of exchange-rate policies in the context of the eastward enlargement of the eurozone. The analysis shows that prospective members of the EMU are likely to pass on some of the incurred Maastricht costs of convergence to the current EMU-members. The transmission mechanism is an altered exchange-rate policy that is carried out utilizing a 'threaten-thy-neighbour'-strategy. The nature of the arising conflict between current and prospective EMU-members originates from both parties' admitted inclination to complete the enlargement process, complicated by their disinclination to bear the costs. The ensuing moral-hazard behaviour of the CEECs proves to be one of brinkmanship. The subsequent bargaining game results in a robust outcome most likely in terms of providing extra European funding. This may then ensure a stabilization of the CEECs' convergence toward the EMU, and a successful completion of eastward enlargement of the eurozone. 155 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book consists of four parts: I. Labour demand andsupply, II. Productivity slowdown and innovative activity,III. Disequilibrium and business cycle analysis, and IV.Time series analysis of output and employment. It presents afine selection of articles in the growing field oftheempirical analysis of output and employment fluctuationswith applications in a micro-econometric or a time-seriesframework. The time-series literature recently hasemphasized the careful testing for stationarity andnonlinearity in the data, and the importance ofcointegration theory. An essential part of the papers makeuse of parametric and non-parametric methods developed inthis literature and mostly connect their results to thehysteresis discussion about the existence of fragileequilibria. A second set of macro approaches use thedisequilibrium framework that has found so much interest inEurope in recent years. The other papers use newly developedmethods for microdata,especially qualitative data orlimited dependent variables to study microeconomic models ofbehaviour that explain labour market and output decisions. 258 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Traditional Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems adopted symbolic processing as their main paradigm. Symbolic AI systems have proved effective in handling problems characterized by exact and complete knowledge representation. Unfortunately, these systems have very little power in dealing with imprecise, uncertain and incomplete data and information which significantly contribute to the description of many real world problems, both physical systems and processes as well as mechanisms of decision making. Moreover, there are many situations where the expert domain knowledge (the basis for many symbolic AI systems) is not sufficient for the design of intelligent systems, due to incompleteness of the existing knowledge, problems caused by different biases of human experts, difficulties in forming rules, etc. In general, problem knowledge for solving a given problem can consist of an explicit knowledge (e.g., heuristic rules provided by a domain an implicit, hidden knowledge 'buried' in past-experience expert) and numerical data. A study of huge amounts of these data (collected in databases) and the synthesizing of the knowledge 'encoded' in them (also referred to as knowledge discovery in data or data mining), can significantly improve the performance of the intelligent systems designed. 364 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The advent of the computer age has set in motion a profound shift in our perception of science -its structure, its aims and its evolution. Traditionally, the principal domains of science were, and are, considered to be mathe matics, physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy and related disciplines. But today, and to an increasing extent, scientific progress is being driven by a quest for machine intelligence - for systems which possess a high MIQ (Machine IQ) and can perform a wide variety of physical and mental tasks with minimal human intervention. The role model for intelligent systems is the human mind. The influ ence of the human mind as a role model is clearly visible in the methodolo gies which have emerged, mainly during the past two decades, for the con ception, design and utilization of intelligent systems. At the center of these methodologies are fuzzy logic (FL); neurocomputing (NC); evolutionary computing (EC); probabilistic computing (PC); chaotic computing (CC); and machine learning (ML). Collectively, these methodologies constitute what is called soft computing (SC). In this perspective, soft computing is basically a coalition of methodologies which collectively provide a body of concepts and techniques for automation of reasoning and decision-making in an environment of imprecision, uncertainty and partial truth. 288 pp. Englisch.