grin verlag jul 2008 (Oltre 1.800 risultati)

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Mémoire d'Examen Intermédiaire de l'année 2005 dans le domaine Histoire Europe - autres pays - Temps modernes, Absolutisme, Industrialisation, note: 1,1, Université Paris-Sorbonne (Paris IV) (UFR d'Histoire), cours: Rélations internationales au XVIIème siècle, langue: Français, résumé: Les relations entre Louis XIV, roi de France et « fils aîné de l'Eglise », et ses « pères »papaux à Rome n'étaient pas toujours faciles. Certes, quand en 1661 le Roi-Soleil commençason règne personnel après la mort du cardinal Mazarin, les temps des grands combatsmédiévaux pour la prépondérance du spirituel ou du temporel entre les papes et les princesd'Europe - tout d'abord les Empereurs Romains - étaient depuis longtemps passés. Lanaissance de l'Eglise anglicane et la Réforme du 16ème siècle avaient mis fin au rôle del'Eglise catholique comme autorité universelle - elle n'était plus sans alternative dansl'Occident chrétien. Mais aussi « par leur comportement dans les affaires italiennes les papesse ravalent eux-mêmes au rang des princes temporel entre beaucoup des autres »1. Quandmême, le pape cherchait toujours à conserver un certain poids sur le plan de la diplomatieinternationale - au moins en ce qui concerne le monde catholique.[.] 28 pp. Französisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2003 im Fachbereich Germanistik - Linguistik, Note: 2, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main (Institut für Deutsche Sprache und Literatur II), Veranstaltung: Variation und Varietäten des Deutschen, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Neuhochdeutsch : Wer mit dem linken Fuß zuerst aus dem Bette steigtSchwäbisch: Wer mit'm linka Fuaß zaitschte aus'm Bett steigtBairisch: Wer mit'm linken Fuaß z'erscht aus'm Bette außisteigtOstfränkisch: Bär met dem lenke Fooß zeerst uis em Bett steihtThüringisch: Wär met d'n lenken Benne zeerscht uhs'n Bett steigtObersächsisch: War mit'n linken Fuß z'urst aus'm Bette steigtSchlesisch: War miet dann linka Fuse z'urst aus'm Bette steigtWestfälisch: De met'm linken Foot toerst ut dem Bedde stygetHolsteinisch: Wer mit'm linkern Faut tauirst ut Bedd stigtDiese Arbeit gibt einen kurzen, zusamenfassenden Blick auf Variation und Varietäten des Deutschen mit den regionalen Besonderheiten bei Vokalen, Konsonanten und Silben, Konjugation, Wortstellungen und weitere Satzstrukturen, sowie Variationen bei Klammerkonstruktionen.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2008 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: none, Jahangirnagar University (Department of English), course: English Pronunciation, language: English, abstract: Pronunciation is an integrated and integral part of second/foreign language learning since it directly affects learners¿ communicative competence as well as performance. Notwithstanding, teaching EFL pronunciation is still peripheral and/or neglected in the syllabus, material and classroom, especially in Bangladesh. Therefore, based on my experience both as a student and a teacher-researcher as well as on a number of existing studies, this paper examines and addresses four major issues concerning teaching EFL pronunciation to learners at different levels. Firstly, I have explored and uncovered the reasons for overlooking teaching pronunciation. Secondly, I have endeavoured to justify the teaching of pronunciation together with the other skills of the target language. Thirdly, I have tried to ascertain a level and the aspects of EFL pronunciation that should be taught. Finally, I have discussed some pronunciation teaching approaches and advocated a variety of techniques/activities for teaching EFL pronunciation in the classroom.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 20 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2007 im Fachbereich Germanistik - Neuere Deutsche Literatur, Note: 1,7, Universität Karlsruhe (TH) (Institut für Literaturwissenschaft), Veranstaltung: Bertolt Brecht: Buch der Wendungen, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Lai Tu sagte zu Kin Jeh: Ich liebe dich so, was wird aus mir werden Dieser Satz ist der Beginn eines kurzen und gleichzeitig des letzten Aphorismus, den Bertolt Brecht im Jahr 1955 an Lai-tu alias Ruth Berlau geschrieben hat. Und dennoch stehen bereits diese wenigen Worte charakteristisch für viele Facetten des Verhältnisses zwischen Berlau und Brecht.Ruth Berlau hat als Schauspielerin, Regisseurin, Schriftstellerin und Fotografin gearbeitet, gleichzeitig ist sie überzeugte Kommunistin und in ihrer Heimat Dänemark als rote Ruth bekannt gewesen. In erster Linie wird der Name Ruth Berlaus jedoch immer mit demjenigen von Bertolt Brecht verbunden bleiben, an dessen Seite sie als Mitarbeiterin und Geliebte über 22 Jahre hinweg gelebt hat.Wie prägend gerade diese Zeit für sie gewesen ist, mag in der Folge ein kurzer Blick auf ihre Biographie und das Leben und Verhältnis mit und zu Brecht zeigen.Diese Vorbetrachtungen erscheinen notwendig, um die Aphorismen und die Figur der Lai-tu, als die Berlau Aufnahme in Brechts Buch der Wendungen gefunden hat, überhaupt verstehen bzw. interpretieren zu können.Vor allem Berlaus posthum herausgegebene Erinnerungen gestatten diesbezüglich einen interessanten Einblick, allerdings darf dabei nicht die subjektive Komponente dieser Memoiren unterschätzt werden. Eine neuere und sicher objektivere Biographie ist im Jahr 2006 von Sabine Kebir herausgegeben worden, welche gerade bezüglich des Verhältnisses zwischen Berlau und Brecht einige neue Aspekte zur Sprache bringt. Weitere Ausführungen zum Leben Berlaus sind von Franka Köpp und Hiltrud Häntzschel verfasst worden.Ebenso lassen sich aus der Betrachtung der Lai-tu, die in der Folge im Mittelpunkt steht, zahlreiche Rückschlüsse auf das Verhältnis zwischen der Schülerin Berlau und ihrem Lehrer Brecht ziehen, welche dazu beitragen, das Bild der Beziehung zwischen beiden gewissermaßen abzurunden.Im Fokus der Arbeit soll daher auch die Einordnung einiger ausgewählter Lai-tu Aphorismen in den Gesamtkontext des gemeinsamen Lebens und Zusammenwirkens von Berlau und Brecht stehen, indem die jeweils intendierte Absicht und Zielsetzung der Texte herausgearbeitet wird. 28 pp. Deutsch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2008 im Fachbereich Politik - Politische Systeme - Historisches, Note: 1,3, Hessische Hochschule für Polizei und Verwaltung; ehem. VFH Wiesbaden, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: 'Vertrauen ist gut Kontrolle ist besser' (vgl. FRIEDRICH-EBERT-STIFTUNG 1984, S. 5). Dieser kommunistische Leitspruch, implizierte das Motto der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik. Nichts hat je besser und zuverlässiger funktioniert, als das Organ des Ministerrates der DDR, das Ministerium für Staatssicherheit . Letzteres praktizierte die absolute Beobachtung jedes einzelnen Bürgers, um Gegner des Systems auszuschalten und die Macht zu erhalten. War der Staatssicherheitsdienst die Überlebensbasis der SED Diese Frage möchte ich zum Anliegen meiner Hausarbeit nehmen und Einflussfaktoren wie Strategien von differenzierten Seiten beleuchten.Noch heute beschäftigt sich die Forschung als auch Privatpersonen intensiv mit diesem Thema. Akten werden aufgearbeitet, sortiert und zur Einsicht freigegeben. Somit ist eine Vergangenheitsaufarbeitung seitens der Opfer möglich, als auch eine Aufarbeitung der Deutschen Geschichte, vor allem einer 'grauen Seite' der Geschichte. Des Weiteren leben noch viele Menschen mit den psychischen Folgen aus der Zeit der Staatssicherheit und kämpfen gedanklich mit der Verarbeitung dieses Gedankenguts. Dabei stellt es keinen nennenswerten Unterschied dar, ob es sich um ehemalige inoffizielle Mitarbeiter oder Opfer handelt. Die Staatssicherheit der DDR umfasst ein sehr weitreichendes Thema. Fakt ist, dass sehr viele Menschen diese Form der Kontrolle kennen, sich der detaillierten Hintergründe jedoch nicht bewusst sind. Einige Möglichkeiten zur Information für den Bürger sind Ausstellungen und Museen zu besuchen. Im Fall Betroffener besteht heutzutage die Gelegenheit in die eigene Akte Einblick zu erlangen. Ebenso befassen sich Filmroduzenten und Belletristiker intensiv mit dem Thema Staatssicherheit. Ich möchte mit dieser Arbeit einen Überblick über die gesamte thematische Einheit als auch deren kontextueller Einordnung geben. Ein für mich sehr entscheidender Punkt zu diesem Gebiet war die Ausstellung 'Staatssicherheit der DDR-Garant der SED Diktatur' in Hamburg, sowie das Interview mit den Betroffenen Berta Maier als auch Petra und Max Müller, welche die Kontrolle der Staatssicherheit erfahren hatten. Sowohl die besuchte Ausstellung als auch die geführten Gespräche zeigten interessante Aspekte auf. Die Staatsicherheit betraf fast jeden Bürger. Die Vorgehensweisen des Staatssicherheitsdienstes sind sehr geschickt und komplex. Meine Arbeit umfasst die wichtigsten Punkte zu dieser Thematik. 36 pp. Deutsch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2007 im Fachbereich BWL - Wirtschaftspolitik, Note: 2,0, Universität Stuttgart (Institut für Wirtschaftspolitik und öffentliches Recht), Veranstaltung: Hauptseminar Wirtschaftspolitik II, 10 Quellen im Literaturverzeichnis, Sprache: Deutsch, Anmerkungen: Hauptseminarsarbeit im Lehramtsstudiengang Politikwissenschaft, Teilgebiet VWL und Wirtschaftspolitik. Verknüpfung aktueller Themen aus Wirtschaft und Politik im Hinblick auf eine mögliche schulische Relevanz. , Abstract: Eines der aktuellsten politischen Themen in Deutschland ist zweifellos die Gesundheitsreform. Das jetzige System aus gesetzlichen und privaten Kassen ist auf lange Sicht hin gesehen nicht mehr finanzierbar. Zwar ist im BMG derzeit eine Reform im Gange, doch schon deren Erarbeitung durch die große Koalition in Berlin verlief alles andere als reibungslos, denn die Möglichkeiten einer Reform des Gesundheitswesens sind genauso vielfältig, wie die derzeitige Diskussion. Nun hat die Große Koalition am 02. Februar 2007 ihr Reformvorhaben durch einen Bundestagsbeschluss auf den Weg gebracht, allerdings nur mit einer Umgestaltung des bisherigen, nicht zeitgemäßen Systems. Ob diese Reformbemühungen der Bundesregierung greifen werden, soll aber hier nicht behandelt werden. Die hier vorliegende Arbeit soll vielmehr zwei alternative Reformmöglichkeiten des Gesundheitssystems vorstellen, welche in der Lage sein könnten, die derzeitige gesetzliche Krankenversicherung zu ersetzen und so deren aktuellen Probleme zu lösen: die Bürgerversicherung und die Kopfpauschale2. Diese beiden Reformkonzepte scheinen unweigerlich auch mit den beiden großen politischen Lagern SPD und Grüne auf der einen und Union und FDP auf der anderen Seite verbunden zu sein. Jedoch sollen beide Möglichkeiten in dieser Arbeit parteineutral behandelt werden, um ihre möglichen Vorzüge und Nachteil als Ersatz zur GKV darzustellen. Dies ist aufgrund der genannten Parteibezogenheit schwierig, jedoch nicht unmöglich3. Eindeutig ist die politische Verteilung, nämlich dass Grüne und große Teile der SPD die Bürgerversicherung favorisieren, während sich die Union, insbesondere die CDU, für die Kopfpauschale stark macht. Zur genauen Konkretisierung der Reformansätze sollen zunächst die großen Schwächen unseres derzeitigen Versicherungssystems dargestellt werden, um klar zu machen, in welchen Bereichen die beiden Konzepte überhaupt greifen können. Danach sollen beide Möglichkeiten in ihren Vor- und Nachteilen dargestellt werden, um ihre Ideen für die Umgestaltung hinreichend zu erläutern. Auch soll auf verschiedene Modellvorschläge innerhalb dieser Ansätze näher eingegangen werden. Ziel ist es dann durch eine genauere Gegenüberstellung aufzeigen zu können, welcher der beiden Alternativen sich durchsetzten kann. 20 pp. Deutsch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2008 im Fachbereich Pädagogik - Geschichte der Päd., Note: 1,0, Universität Osnabrück (Erziehungswissenschaften), Veranstaltung: Einführung in die Historische Pädagogik, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Im Kleinen Katechismus, dem bis heute maßgeblichen Unterrichtswerk (zumindest für den Konfirmandenunterricht), mahnt Martin Luther (1483-1546) in der Vorrede Eltern und Staat ('Obrigkeit'), für den Schulbesuch der Jugend zu sorgen: 'Insbesondere treibe hier auch die Obrigkeit und Eltern an, daß sie gut regieren und die Kinder zur Schule anhalten mit der Mahnung, daß sie das zu tun schuldig sind und welch eine verfluchte Sünde sie tun, wenn sie es nicht tun.' Für dieses Vorhaben liefert Luther quasi mit dem Katechismus ein Schulbuch. In verschiedenen anderen Schriften geht er schon vor dessen Abfassung 1529 ausführlich auf die Notwendigkeit ein, Kindern den Schulbesuch zu ermöglichen. Eine davon ist die Schrift 'An die Ratsherren aller Städte deutsches Lands, daß sie christliche Schulen aufrichten und halten sollen' von 1524. Diese soll der Gegenstand der folgenden Untersuchung sein.Dabei ist das Interesse Luthers am Schulwesen durch den Charakter seiner Kirche ein zwangsläufiges. 'Luthers Kirche ist Kirche des Wortes - des gelesenen und gesprochenen, gepredigten und gesungenen und gehörten Wortes, des muttersprachlichen Wortes .; protestantische Kultur ist nicht mehr Kultur des Auges, sondern Kultur des Ohres. Sinn ist durch Wort, nicht durch Anschauung vermittelt. Und diese Wortkirche ist gebaut auf Schrift und Buch.' Damit ist zugleich gegeben, dass Luther nicht aus humanistischem Bildungsinteresse heraus die Sache anpackt, sondern aus seinem Amt als Theologe und Reformator: 'Nicht der ,Pädagoge', ,Hausvater' und ,Volkserzieher' Luther ist als solcher für die Erziehung relevant, sondern der Theologe Luther, der sich zum Thema Erziehung äußert' Der historische Kontext der Abfassung der Schrift wird in Kap. 2 kurz vorgestellt. Darauf folgt die ausführliche Nachzeichnung des Argumentationsduktus Luthers (Kap. 3), wobei der Lesbarkeit und Übersichtlichkeit wegen versucht wird, den Text einer Gliederung zu unterwerfen, was aufgrund der Tendenz Luthers zu sprunghaftem Denken nicht immer eindeutig zu lösen ist. Hierbei kommt neben der Paraphrase der Originalton Luthers wegen seiner rhetorischen Qualität häufig zu Wort und wird die Analyse des Textes ergänzt durch Kommentierungen aus historischer, biblisch-theologischer und dogmatischer, daneben auch pädagogischer Perspektive. In Kap. 4 wird eine knappe Systematisierung des pädagogischen Denkens Luthers versucht; Kap. 5 bietet ein kurzes persönliches Resümee zum Thema. 36 pp. Deutsch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2008 im Fachbereich Kunst - Architektur, Baugeschichte, Denkmalpflege, Note: 1,7, Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Wenn Libeskinds Bauten dekonstruktivistische sind, was sind dann die Zeichen dekonstruktivistischer Architektur Da Libeskinds Architektur zwar als jene deklariert, insbesondere jedoch als textuelle Architektur in architekturtheoretischen Diskurs interpretiert wird, sollen dafür bezeichnende Gestaltungselemente der Museumsbauten Jüdisches Museum Berlin und Felix Nussbaum-Haus in Osnabrück mittels der Theorie der textuellen Architektur nach Peter Eisenmann und des semiotischen Ansatzes nach Umberto Eco betrachtet werden. Die als Zeichen abstrahierten Elemente der Architektur wie Türen, Fenster oder Materialien werden von Daniel Libeskind ganz bewusst eingesetzt. Traditionelle Vorstellungen von Ort und Zeit werden verschoben. Ein allein dem Zweck dienendes Gebäude gelingt dem Architekten nicht und will ihm nicht gelingen. Wie können Zeichen und Symbole des Gebauten deren beabsichtigte Wirkung unterstützen Was kommunizieren darüber hinaus der grundlegende Zusammenhang von Form und Funktion sowie die Chaos und Ordnungs-Dichotomie über die Gesellschaft bzw. über den Architekten 24 pp. Deutsch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2001 in the subject Film Science, grade: A (1,3), University of Glasgow (Department of Film- and TV-Studies), language: English, abstract: ¿The epithets used to describe the films of Werner Herzog invariably emphasise the critics¿ feeling that they have been impressed by something that goes beyond rational analysis¿1This statement by John Sandford seems to sum up the fascinating consequence of the mysterious enigma of Werner Herzog¿s films: an irrational aesthetic method, an irrational performance and an irrational effect. Typical terms used in the past to describe Herzog¿s work were: ¿obsessive, fanatic, titanic, apocalyptic, holy, demonic¿, but also, more neutrally, terms like ¿fantastic, irrational, mysterious¿.2 Indeed, when watching his films, they can create a very strange atmosphere. The viewer is often confronted with human megalomania or total human failure which stands in contrast to a mighty, unconquerable nature. Herzog plays with the presentation of these concepts. They are linked, varied, mixed and often set in a somewhat mystical context. At times this mixture of opposing elements are that grotesque that the viewer does not really know whether to laugh or to cry. There is a steady presence of an uncomfortable kind of humour in Herzog¿s work. Some of Herzog¿s films seem more like a psychedelic experience, than a typical, classically told story, which follows narrative laws like exposition, plot or climax. In these films the emotions seem to be more important than their narrative origin and therefore the story becomes less important than what it carries. This is the Herzog-typical irrational element, which leaves the viewer impressed, but leaves him/her with more questions than answers.1 Sandford, John: The New German Cinema. (London: 1980); p. 482 ibid.; p. 48Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 16 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Essay from the year 2006 in the subject Politics - International Politics - General and Theories, grade: 1.5, The Australian National University, language: English, abstract: It seems a peculiarity of modern capitalist civilisation, that wherever one looks one seessquares everywhere! Just as this piece of paper, the screen and keys it was typed on aresquare, so are the borders of countless states around the globe, cutting throughautochthonous communities separating cultures or forging them into a state [society]often lacking their prior consent. It is not without fateful irony that, for instance, the tableon which the fate of the African people was decided during the Berlin conference in1884-85 at which the [still prevailing] borders of colonial Africa were demarcated was:Square! Square people with square minds made square decisions. Howevercontemporary claims of many indigenous peoples who are as diverse and irregular as theworld they exist in continue to challenge the plane polygon geometry of the arbitrary andartificially constructed artefact of territorial sovereignty by demanding recognition oftheir, partial or full self-determination. Thus questioning the moral legitimacy ofsovereign states and the international society [of states].Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 20 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject Politics - Topic: European Union, grade: A, Hawai'i Pacific University, language: English, abstract: Turkey has been trying to become a full member of the European Community since 1963, when an associate agreement was signed. It was one of the countries that established the OECD, an organization that represents democracy and free market economy. In 1995 Turkey started a customs union with the EU, which was the first step toward a full membership of the EU. At the European Council in Helsinki, Turkey was considered as a potential candidate for full membership of the EU. According to the European Council (2003), ¿Turkey is a candidate state destined to join the Union on the basis of the same criteria as applied to other candidate states.¿ As mentioned in the statement, the European Union is willing to offer Turkey a full membership as long as they fulfill the criteria for membership provided by the European Commission. In other words, Turkey has to share ¿the values, objectives and legal order set out in the [EU] treaties.¿ Therefore, the EU developed a pre-accession strategy for Turkey and agreed on an accession partnership on the same basis as the other candidate countries, which negotiated a treaty with the EU. For that reason, Turkey was allowed to participate in certain EU programs and meetings among the member states of the EU and the candidate states.Although formal discussions have taken place since 2005, the member states have not reached an agreement yet. Turkey¿s EU accession is the leading controversy among the member states of the EU concerning the enlargement of the European Union. Some member states are in favor of Turkey¿s EU membership due to its geographical location, which could be a benefit for the European Union; whereas other countries are concerned about the situation within Turkey and its effects on the European community. Turkey should not become a full member of the European Union because of a violation of human rights based on Turkey¿s ideology, security reasons, and the financial risk for the economy of the European Union. Consequently, a privileged partnership would be more appropriate.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 16 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Essay from the year 2005 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: USA, grade: 1,5, University of Nottingham (Nottingham Trent University), language: English, abstract: More than 39 years ago the African-American leader Martin Luther King gave his famous speech ¿I have a dream¿ in front of 250,000 people in Washington D.C. He referred to the situation of African-Americans in 1863 when former President Abraham Lincoln signed ¿The Emancipation Proclamation¿ to free African-Americans from being slaves. In his speech King stated that ¿the Negro still is not free¿ (King 1963) and shared his dream of freedom and equality with the crowd ¿ a day when ¿every hill and mountain shall be made low¿ (ibid.). This was the peak of the US Civil Rights Movement (between 1955 and 1968) which aimed to bring full civil rights and equality under the law primarily to African American citizens in a non-violent way. It successfully put an end to racial segregation, especially in the southern states. Has the integrationist dream of the Civil Rights Movement come true or are African Americans still dreaming Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 16 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,0, University of Paderborn, course: The Web as a Linguistic Corpus, language: English, abstract: This paper is concerned with the use of the internet in linguistic research. The phenomenon under investigation is the get-passive. In a first step, I will outline reasons for and problems with using the web as a linguistic corpus. After this, I will explain the linguistic phenomenon ¿get-passive¿, taking into account the debate on the term itself, typical characteristics of the get-passive and its diachronic development. The next step will be the description and analysis of the WebCorp study on get-passives as opposed to be-passives. In this way, I hope to be able to show whether the constraints traditionally attributed to get-passives, in particular animacy of the subject, are still in force, or in how far they are lessening, possibly making the get-passive an equivalent contestant to the be-passive. Differences between British and American English will be examined in order to find out whether either variant is more advanced.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 24 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Scientific Essay from the year 2006 in the subject Politics - Political Theory and the History of Ideas Journal, grade: none, Concordia University Montreal, language: English, abstract: This paper examines the idea of world citizenship and if it is both possible and desirable; if it is to be understood as an abstraction or a framework for action. I consider a number of common notions of world citizenship and then, supported by Nussbaum¿s theory of public rationality from the literary imagination, I illuminate how the cosmopolitan vision of Diogenes, kosmopolitês (cosmopolitanism), may present the most promising construct of world citizenship to act as a counter hegemonic citizen-based force to neoliberal globalization. Additionally, a review of the world citizenship teaching model Learning for a Cause elucidates the potential for my vision of kosmopolitês in practice. I find world citizenship to be crucial to contemporary society, but in need of (re)understanding.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 20 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject American Studies - Literature, grade: 1,5 , University of Hamburg, language: English, abstract: Perhaps the most revered Updike novels are his Rabbit tetralogy, comprised of four books that ran from 1959 to 1991, which detail the center of American life, i.e. the middle class. Hence, the protagonist Harry ¿Rabbit¿ Angstrom can be regarded as Updike¿s most famous character. From his Rabbit series, the first novel Rabbit, Run is without doubt Updike¿s most recognized book. In Updike¿s own words, Rabbit is a character that is similar to the author. Hence, Updike once told Michael Rogers in an interview that even though he does not have the same social background and sociological circumstances as his character Rabbit, many of his ideas and thoughts enter Rabbit¿s head. Thus, one might be justified in claiming that the Rabbit novels are also partly autobiographical.However, since the novel Rabbit Run has been published, some critics have not held it in great esteem.Nevertheless, Detweiler also claims that today the novel can be appreciated more fully for its artistic qualities ¿ and these qualities are, in fact, quite numerous. Hence, there are many critics who appreciate Updike¿s style and his mastery of language. For example, Rachael C. Burchard calls Updike¿s art of writing ¿superb¿ and says that ¿[h]is work is worth reading if for no reason other than to enjoy the piquant phrase, the lyric vision, the fluent rhetoric¿.In the following, it will be analyzed which techniques Updike uses in the novel Rabbit, Run. Hence, it will be focused primarily on the narrative technique. In a second step, the structure of the novel will also be analyzed and the central motif of the quest will be dealt with.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 20 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2004 im Fachbereich BWL - Unternehmensführung, Management, Organisation, Note: 1,0, Duale Hochschule Baden-Württemberg, Ravensburg, früher: Berufsakademie Ravensburg, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Zur Unternehmensführung bedienen sich Manager mitunter Managementkonzeptionen, die geeignet sein sollen, die Arbeit zu erleichtern und Probleme zu lösen. Zu den bekanntesten zählen TQM, Business Reengineering, Balanced Scorecard und Unternehmenskultur. Sie werden auch als Organisations- und Führungskonzeptionen bzw. Managementmodelle, -theorien, -methoden und -strategien bezeichnet. Für Kritiker versprechen diese Managementkonzeptionen oft mehr als sie halten: Obwohl sie soeben noch als letzter Stand wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnis gepriesen wurden, verschwänden viele alsbald wieder. Auch die Anwender der neuen Methoden stehen in der Kritik: 'Wenn es im Management darum geht, up to date zu sein, zählt die Vernunft nicht mehr viel.'Das Problem liegt darin, dass die Verbreitung von Managementkonzeptionen häufig Mustern folgt, wie sie für Moden typisch sind. Die Wirtschaftspresse prägte die Benennung dieser Konzeptionen als 'Managementmoden'. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, Managementmoden im Allgemeinen zu analysieren und abschließend zu beurteilen. Im Zuge der Analyse sollen dem Leser umfassende Zusammenhänge ihrer Verbreitung verdeutlicht werden. 36 pp. Deutsch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 1,7, University of Duisburg-Essen, language: English, abstract: .Subsequent mass demonstrations culminated in the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom on August 28, 1963, in which more than 250,000 protesters gathered in Washington, D. C. It was on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial where King delivered his famous ¿I Have a Dream¿ speech.King is known as a charismatic orator. His way of persuading people was to use the power of words instead of physical violence. Words were his weapon and he knew how to use them. The same year after he had delivered this speech, he received the title ¿Man of the Year¿ by Time magazine. One year later, he was given the Nobel Peace Price. This paper deals with ¿I Have a Dream¿, as a post-modern political speech in terms of classical rhetoric. ¿Martin Luther King, Jr. (January 15, 1929 ¿ April 4, 1968), was one of the pivotal leaders of the American civil rights movement.¿ After attending Morehouse College in Atlanta, King went on to study at Crozer Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania and Boston University, where he deepened his understanding of theological scholarship and explored Mahatma Gandhi's nonviolent strategy for social change. On December 5, 1955, after civil rights activist Rosa Parks refused to comply with Montgomery's segregation policy on buses, black residents launched a bus boycott and elected King president of the newly-formed Montgomery Improvement Association. The boycott continued throughout 1956 and King gained national prominence for his role in the campaign. In December 1956, the United States Supreme Court declared Alabama's segregation laws unconstitutional and Montgomery buses were desegregated. Seeking to build upon the success in Montgomery, King and other southern black ministers founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1957. In the spring of 1963, King and SCLC led mass demonstrations in Birmingham, Alabama, where local white police officials were known for their violent opposition to integration. Clashes between unarmed black demonstrators and police armed with dogs and fire hoses generated newspaper headlines throughout the world. President Kennedy responded to the Birmingham protests by submitting broad civil rights legislation to Congress, which led to the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 28 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2001 in the subject Orientalism / Sinology - Japanology, grade: 2, University of Applied Sciences Ludwigshafen (Ostasieninstitut), language: English, abstract: On October 25th 1944, two hours after sunrise the U.S.S Santee (C.V.E -29) an escort carrier lying in the Mindanao area was attacked by a single Japanese aircraft coming in lowly and ¿ crushing into the flight deck1.The `accident¿ caused heavy damage ¿ and proofed to be none. At the latest on the next day the American Forces in the Philippines had to realize that the Japanese were now using a new dreadful and desperate strategy to turn the tide of war. They started suicidal attacks in large numbers trying to hit enemy ships with their planes loaded with bombs. Another escort carrier the St.Lo (C.V.E.- 63) was sunk during this first attack after being hit by a suicide plane ¿ leaving the U.S. soldiers and leaders frightened and shocked. Kamikaze ¿ divine wind - became another Japanese word known to U.S. soldiers.What led the prime of Japan¿s youth to this last hopeless sacrifice Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 24 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Essay aus dem Jahr 2004 im Fachbereich Soziologie - Klassiker und Theorierichtungen, Note: 1,0, Universität Rostock (Institut für Soziologie), Veranstaltung: Methoden und Techniken der empirischen Sozialforschung, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die Forschungsgruppe von Marie Jahoda, Paul F. Lazarsfeld und Hans Zeisel versuchten mit modernen Erhebungsmethoden die Wirkungen langandauernder Arbeitslosigkeit zu untersuchen. Anfang der 30er Jahre, nach der Weltwirtschaftskrise, trug Paul F. Lazarsfeld dem österreichischen Sozialistenführer Otto Bauer seinen Plan vor, das Freizeitverhalten von Arbeitern zu untersuchen. Dieser wiederum lehnte die Idee weit blickend ab, denn das dringendste Problem stellte zu der Zeit die Arbeitslosigkeit dar. Somit wurde das Forschungsteam zu einer empirischen Studie von Massenarbeitslosigkeit inspiriert, die noch heute ihre Aktualität nicht verloren hat. Nun war es ihr Ziel, mit modernen Erhebungsmethoden ein Bild von der psychologischen Situation einer Arbeitslosenpopulation zu gewinnen.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2001 im Fachbereich Soziale Arbeit / Sozialarbeit, Note: 1,3, FH, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Zwillinge gehören selbst in unserem modernen und aufgeklärtenGesellschaftsbild zu einer ¿Spezies¿, der immer noch eine besondereBeachtung geschenkt wird. Doch die Mythen und Sagen, wie sie früher erzähltwurden, sind in unserer Zeit nicht mehr von Bedeutung, geht man von einerhöher zivilisierten Gesellschaft aus. In Völkerstämmen frühgeschichtlichenEntwicklungsniveaus, aber auch in denen die heute noch existent sind, isteinem Zwillingspaar einer andere Bedeutung gerecht zu werden: ¿Zwillingewurden . als Götter inthronisiert und verehrt¿ (vgl. Sternberg 1929).Zwillinge gelten in der Gesellschaft als biologisches Wunder. Sie werdenaufgrund ihrer physischen Ähnlichkeit bestaunt und mit Vorurteilen wie'Zwillinge sind unzertrennlich' und 'Zwillinge sehen nicht nur gleich aussondern denken auch gleich' bewertet. Über die psychologischeZwillingsforschung konnten viele Vorurteile widerlegt oder bestätigt werden.Ziel der Forschung ist die Erklärung, inwiefern und warum Zwillinge anderssind als Geschwister- und Einzelkinder.Aus diesem Grund werde ich die Entwicklung der Sprache, Intelligenz, derIdentität und in besonderem auf die Erziehung eingehen.Aus psychologischer Sicht sind zunächst beobachtbare Abweichungen in derEntwicklung interessant. Verschiedene Tests ermittelten, daß Zwillingeweniger intelligent und sprachlich weniger weit entwickelt sind alsvergleichbare Einzel- und Geschwisterkinder. Dieser Behauptung wird ebensoauf den Grund gegangen.Viele Zwillinge benutzen einen Namen, der sie beide bezeichnet (einsogenannter Dual). Zusammen mit der Beobachtung, daß Zwillinge oft sogardie gleiche Kleidung tragen, ergibt sich die Frage, ob Zwillinge eine andersartigeIdentität entwickeln als dies bei Einlingen der Fall ist. Diese Umständedie gegenüber Einzelkindern in der Erziehung und Entwicklung der einzelnenIdentitäten genauer beachtet werden müssen, ergibt sich der Schwerpunktdieser Hausarbeit.[.].

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2007 in the subject Politics - International Politics - General and Theories, grade: 1,2, , language: English, abstract: African Financial Organizations - Africa is the second largest continent of the world. At the same time one could say that it is the least developed of all continents. Poor infrastructure and a difficult geographical situation in large parts of the continent (vast deserts, impenetrable primeval forests) complicate intra-African trade. Furthermore, Africäs cultural and ethnical diversity leads to language barriers and conflicts of interests, often resulting in civil wars. These are only some factors making the establishment of Africa-wide organizations really difficult. Therefore, we decided to concentrate on only one African sub-region, which is West Africa. In the following we will thus introduce some important West African financial organizations and afterwards present their most important cooperation project: the creation a West African Monetary Union similar to the Eurozone by the end of 2009. Arab Financial Organizations The Arab region includes 23 North African and Middle Eastern member states. Its population is roughly 325 million people. Most of its member states dispose of developed economies, whereas their main sources of income are derived from oil, gas and other raw material exports. Arab financial organizations mainly engage in two fields of action: the financial aid for Arab member states themselves on the one hand and development aid for non-Arabic African countries on the other hand. Therefore, we¿d like to present one organization for each field of action: First, the Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa gives financial aid to less developed African areas which might be of economic interest regarding cooperation projects in the future. Second, the Arab Monetary Fund focuses on the development of Arab nations for example by correcting their balances of payments if necessary. Asian Financial Organizations: Asia is the largest and most populated continent in the world. After North America and Europe, the Asian GDP is the 3rd largest, its most accelerating economies being China, India and Japan. However, other Asian countries such as the Philippines, Pakistan or Vietnam for example recently also show very high economical growth rates. To further enforce steady growth within the Asian region, intra-Asian cooperation is very important, whereas financial organizations like the Asian Development Bank are playing a key role. In 2006, the ADB spent 7.5 billion US dollar on cooperation-oriented projects. Since 1990, an average of 5 billion US dollar has been spent annually. Furthermore, the organization consists of 67 member states. Therefore, we think the ADB is the most important organization in this area and like to present it in more detail.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 28 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: European Union, grade: 1,7, BVL Campus gGmbH (DAV), language: English, abstract: One of the main objectives ishas been achieved by the European Union: the stable and peaceful integration of Europe. In Mmay 2004 more countries have joined the EU thaen in the previous three enlargments between 1973 and 1995 totalledtogether. Based on that ¿bBig bang¿-enlargement the rating enhanced in Brussels and the national capaitol cities, that the EU alienate their population at leastespecially with the clerity of expansion. In 2007 Rumania and Bulgaria also joined the EU and the question of overexpanding the Union hasis still not been answered. There are three more canditates (Turkey, Croatia, Republic of Macedonia) and 5 more potentiital canditates (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia and Kosovo) which are willing to enter the EU as soon as possible. After the second Eeast enlargement the door to the EU is locked initially and the future of the EU is unsure. Since the miscarry failure of the EU Constitution the intake capacity is in focused oin many political discussions. The IEP (Institute for European Politics) released that those debates tranquilized but the opinions of the specific countires differ enormously. Primarily France, Luxembourg and Austria startred the discussion two years ago. The EU enlargment is a current topic and should not be undervalued.The European Union itself is willing to stay a strong competitor on the world market, which is easier to achieve via expanding and growing. The main problem here is that critics now do not see that the ¿main¿ objectives of the EU can be fulifilled when the EUnion grows that fast.This term-paper gives an overview about the current situation and discussions as well as it shows the risks and chances of a further EU enlargement.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 32 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Master's Thesis from the year 2007 in the subject Law - Criminal process, Criminology, Law Enforcement, grade: A, Rajshahi University, language: English, abstract: In the recent days neonaticide has been a crux issue around the globe. As this is closely concerned with the existence of human society, people have concentrated their attention on resolving or reasonably mitigating the occurrence of this abnormal phenomenon. Due to the psychological immaturity and other relevant grounds the commission of neonaticide is going unimpeded. Principally, this is a psycho-social phenomenon and has a close connection with biological, sociological, psychological and criminogenic aspects. It is logical to say that if the commission of neonaticide is on the continuous rise, human society is sure to face the trauma of it as this is sufficient to endanger the survival of humans in the planet. Thus, it has been the pivotal consideration for all the quarters to mitigate the problem and find a way out for their survival.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 32 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Scientific Essay from the year 2008 in the subject Politics - Region: Russia, , course: Conference 'Belarus in Europe: Economic Cooperation and Political Dialogue', language: English, abstract: The fact that demonstrations and street rallies in Belarus are only modestly attendedwitness that the extent of European and American criticism seems to be more virulent thanthe domestic resistance against the state authorities. As a matter of fact, in the 14th yearof Lukashenkös presidency we have to ask ourselves why the level of civil disobediencestill remains very low. One assessment in this regard is beyond question: The argument ofthe ¿people¿s fear of the authorities¿ doesn¿t serve any longer as the sole means ofexplanation. The reasons for the longevity of this authoritarian regime in the heart ofEurope are cross-linked: On the one hand, the historical weakness and the reluctance ofthe domestic political elite to accept independence in 1991 are very often brought into thediscussion. Apart from this, also Russian economic support made it possible for Belarus tonavigate itself into a deadlock in its relations with the EU. There may be other reasonswhich can explain the contemporary situation of a political cul-de-sac. However, the EUdecision makers would be well advised to deal with two subjects: First of all, they shouldseriously consider how much influence they really have over this awkward country andsecondly, they should ¿ based on the first consideration ¿ come to reasonable decisions.The imposition of visa bans altogether with the conditional approach of EU rapprochementwill not enhance the chances of democratization for Belarus. This ¿strategy¿ will have theopposite of the intended effect and provides the authorities with new tools to accuse theopposition of anti-Belarusian behavior.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 28 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Essay from the year 2006 in the subject Politics - International Politics - General and Theories, grade: 1.0, The Australian National University, language: English, abstract: In the midst of the turbulent political and economic transformation during 1989, Francis Fukuyamadeclared the ¿end of history¿ in his [in]famous article, intending to seal the coffin of communistideology once and for all, declaring the western camp as the winner of the cold war and moreimportantly of liberal capitalism over communism.1 However, a peculiar question remains forstudents of International Relations.2 Is it still worth studying Marxist theory today since the formercommunist Soviet Union and its satellites, no longer practice a [certain and often-incoherent]version of Marxist ideology This paper does not attempt to advocate a utopian klassenlose society in conjunction with radicaland totalitarian outgrowths that had been developed during the 20th century from Stalinist gulags tothe Maoist Cultural Revolution. Despite this, this paper aims to show the merits of Marxist theoryespecially the concept of historical materialism, and how, in at least three respects, it adds to thestudy of International Relations.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 24 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: 1,8, Berlin School of Economics, course: Political Economy and Social Structure of Modern Society, language: English, abstract:The text ¿Demographic Transition in the Context of Africäs Development¿ by Uche C. Isiugo-Abanihe deals with Africäs development dilemma and the demographic transformation-process. The text says that since the 1950¿s there is a big population explosion in Africa because of a rapidly declining mortality rate and a high or stable fertility rate. The author figures out that there are three theories that cause Africäs development dilemma. The first one says that the population growth is the root of all the problems in Africa. The second one says, that population growth only place an accomplice role and that there are other problems leading mainly to the dilemma. And the third one says that Africa does not face any population problems at all. The author sticks to the second opinion and says, that there are many reasons (not only the population growth), which lead to Africäs problems. He thinks that poor management and organization, unequal distribution of wealth and political power, corruption and misappropriation of funds, massive military spending and misallocation and misdirection of resources and efforts all together added up to the development dilemma. This is definitely a point I would agree with.Abanihe also says that it is ¿the failure of many African governments to achieve well-planned and well-intentioned development goals and objectives. So in general I think his text gives a very good but general insight into Africäs situation to the time, when the text was written. A thing I¿d like to criticize is the fact that Abanihe completely lefts out to mention the development assistance of western countries, that is distributed to Africa and that he does not go very much into detail with his suggestions for improvement. It seems like he really knows what Africäs problems are and he also knows what Africa did and does wrong but he does not figure out what Africa has to do to escape from the development dilemma. And exactly this is the point, where I want to join the complex of problems with my essay. With the help of newer sources I will summarize some ideas ¿ especially the development assistance ¿ and techniques that are and were applied on Africa to help that continent out of its dilemma.Some of the recommendations I figured out might be not the most current. They might refer on facts, that already Abanihe considered. A further Problem in Africa is that every country is in a different phase of development.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 20 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Intermediate Examination Paper from the year 2002 in the subject American Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 1,7, Humboldt-University of Berlin (Department of English and American Studies), course: Introduction to US Cultural Science II: 'The Thirties', language: English, abstract: Although much of Langston Hughes's and Richard Wright's writing expressed social protest, there is one genre ¿the essay¿ that has gone largely unnoticed.In the eyes of Hughes and Wright, custom, tradition and religion may be seen as some of the root causes of racism because they are largely interiorized, but they by far cannot serve alone as satisfying explanations for it. Important in the creation of racism is e.g. the negative projection of colored people in the media. Consequently, this forms a fatal preconception of blacks that is constantly being reproduced. Langston Hughes and Richard Wright, among the most prolific of American writersgained international attention and acclaim in nearly every genre of writing, includingpoetry, the short story, the novel, drama, the libretto, the autobiography, journalisticprose, children's and adolescent literature and song lyrics. Although much of theirwriting, often expressing social protest, was easily accessible to scholars and generalreaders, there is one genre ¿the essay¿ that has gone largely unnoticed. Yet suchessays and short, non-fiction passages contribute significantly to Hughes¿s andWright¿s work, striving for racial equality on a local level, a national, as well as globallevels.At first glance, it may appear fruitless to compare the non-fiction works ofHughes and Wright, since the writers became famous for their poetry and fictionalmasterpieces. Also, a comparison between Wright¿s rather epic artistic style andHughes¿s dense, often ironic prose may seem unlikely and difficult. Yet, on closerinspection, you will find that both writers are surprisingly close to one another in theirway of thinking, and their conclusions often overlap.Hughes was a columnist for the famous African-American newspaper, the¿Chicago Defender,¿ where he commented on contemporary issues and chronicledthe hopes and despairs of his people. In spite of the different origins of the writersHughes and Wright were confronted early on with race discrimination andsegregation, publicly know as ¿Jim Crow-ism1,¿ which was identified and condemnedin their essays.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 28 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject American Studies - Literature, grade: 1,0, Dresden Technical University (Institut für Anglistik/Amerikanistik), course: The 1950s and 1960s in American Literature, language: English, abstract: 1 IntroductionSylvia Plath ended her Life by gassing herself in a stove on February 11th in 1963. This is not the most important fact about the poet and yet the best known detail of her life. Since her death, Plath¿s work and her life have been irrevocably interblended. Thus, she is either interpreted as a courageous but suppressed female writer or as a dark and mentally disordered summoner of death. In either case she had been mystified as a kind of tragic hero and some critics continue with this kind of blind ¿Plathophiliä (Bachner 2008) until today. Although her artistic work is mainly composed of poems, her only novel will be the object for the following interpretation of the protagonist¿s alienation in comparison to respective events in the author¿s life.Being so closely connected it is impossible to reflect on the novel without factoring her life into the described events of alienation in The Bell Jar. Thus, after introducing the influencing social circumstances of her time, the paper concentrates on Sylvia Plath¿s degree of authenticity in her writing. On the basis of these findings, two different stages of the protagonist¿s alienation are to be developed and afterwards her ambivalent relation towards the opposite sex is being discussed as a major consequence to her schizoid attitudes towards her desired social status. Finally, the analysis deals with Plath¿s strong symbolism, in which the mirror serves as frequent metaphoric means to illustrate estrangement not only from the outside world, but also from her inner self. Another one, the fig-tree, stands for the inability to decide for a certain way of life. Both are crucial problems of the protagonist Esther Greenwood and it is to examine, in how far they reflect on Sylvia Plath¿s personal experience. This paper discusses Plath¿s alienating processes from a rather feminine perspective as the 1950s common American values exerted huge pressure on every member of society, but mostly on women.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 32 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 2.0, Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, language: English, abstract: The Victorian Age, referring to Queen Victoriäs reign from 1837 to1901, was a period of drastic political, economic and social change. The impacts of the continuing industrialization affected people¿s lives to a great extent. Different occupational patterns as well as renewed social and moral values emerged and shaped the society of this time. The family cannot be considered as a single unit since its interaction with its social environment cannot be denied. Hence, people¿s home and family life also underwent a radical change. Yet, not all of England¿s citizens were equally affected as the prevailing sharp separation into social classes brought about different prerequisites and chances to cope with the developments. Urban middle-class and working-class members were most susceptible to outside influences, and the purpose of my studies is therefore to analyze and compare their family lives during the Victorian era.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 24 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Essay from the year 2008 in the subject Orientalism / Sinology - General, grade: 1st (70 %), University of Manchester (School of Languages, Linguistics and Cultures), language: English, abstract: When addressing Israel, Mr. Iran's rhetoric is unmistakable. The former president Ahmadinejad has allegedly called for Israel to be wiped off the map, and he has publicly expressed his doubts whether there has ever been a Holocaust. Although his rhetoric may appear extreme, it nevertheless broadly reflects the official policy of Iran towards Israel since the Islamic Revolution of 1979. Given this hostility, it comes as a surprise, that the Islamic Republic of Iran is actually home of the biggest Jewish community in the Middle East outside Israel. The estimates for the number of Jews living in Iran differ greatly according to various sources and range from 25,000 members¿ to 35,000. The history of the Jewish community in Iran reaches back into the 7th century BCE, making it the oldest Jewish Diaspora-community. Many places holy to Jews are located in Iran. The history of almost 3,000 years of Jewish presence in Iran and the influence the Jewish community had at different times on Iranian society and culture are far too complex to be retold in a short essay like the one I am presenting. Before I turn to the situation after the Revolution of 1979 I will therefore only shortly touch on two major historical events which have significantly altered the position of the Jewish community in Iran: The establishment of Twelver Shiism as state religion in 1501 by the Safavids and the Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1911.The main body of this text deals with the situation of the Jewish community during and immediately after the constitution of the Islamic Republic until the present.The Iranian constitution grants all officially recognised religious minorities (Armenian Christians, Assyrians, Jews and Zoroastrians) specific rights including that to practise their religion freely. The recognised religious minorities elect their own representatives to the parliament (Majles), run their own schools and are protected against discrimination by the law. However, there have been instances of 'spontaneous' attacks on Jews, their property and their schools. I will also research how much Iran's animosity towards Israel was and is being reflected in its treatment of the Jewish minority in Iran. Because of the relative scarcity of primary sources, I will use a variety of secondary sources of varying quality and will therefore specifically indicate if I am concerned with the reliability of a source I have used.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 24 pp. Englisch.