springer apr 1999 (301 risultati)

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This book is based on lectures I have given to senior undergraduate and graduate audiences at Oxford and elsewhere over the years. My aim has been to provide an outline of both the topological theory and the uniform theory, with an emphasis on the relation between the two. Although I hope that the prospective specialist may find it useful as an introduction it is the non-specialist I have had more in mind in selecting the contents. Thus I have tended to avoid the ingenious examples and counterexamples which often occupy much of the space in books on general topology, and I have tried to keep the number of definitions down to the essential minimum. There are no particular prerequisites but I have worked on the assumption that a potential reader will already have had some experience of working with sets and functions and will also be familiar with the basic concepts of algebra and analysis. An earlier version of the present book appeared in 1987 under the title Topo logical and Uniform Spaces. When the time came for a new edition I came to the conclusion that, rather than just making the necessary corrections, it would be better to make more substantial alterations. Parts of the text have been rewritten and new material, including new diagrams, added.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 248 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Autonomousagents andmultiagentsystems are computationalsystems inwhich several (semi-)autonomous agents interact each other or work together to p- form some set of tasks or satisfy some set of goals. These systems may involve computationalagents that are homogeneous or heterogeneous, they may involve activities on the part of agents having common goals or distinct goals, and they may involve participation on the part of humans and intelligent agents. The increase of agent research activities can be observed in the series of ICMAS (- ternational Conference of Multi-Agent Systems). In ICMAS¿95,209participants were there. At ICMAS¿96,the number increased to282,and atICMAS¿98,there were 552participants. Thoughwealready haveseveral workshopsinAsia Paci c countries, such as MACC (Multiagent Systems and Cooperative Computation) in Japan from 1991 and Australian Workshop on Distributed Artic ial Int- ligence from 1995, there is not enough interaction so far among the countries compared to Europe and Americas. PRIMA¿98 is the First Pacic Rim International Workshop related to - tonomous agents and multiagent systems. The aim of this workshop is to - courage activities in this e ld, and to bring together Pacic Rim researchers withagents and multiagentissues. The objective of this workshopis to assemble theoreticians and practitioners concerned with developing autonomous agents and multiagent systems. Unlikeusual conferences, however, since this is the rst agent-related international workshop in Asia Paci c countries, participation is byinvitationonlyand is limitedto professionals who have made signi cantc- tributionsto thetopicsoftheworkshop. Thecontributionsincludetechnical p- sentations, progress reports and so on.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 204 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Isolated enzymes are known as useful for synthesising of complex molecules with more and more large scale applications in recent years. These six reviews show different steps in the development of enzymatic syntheses for useful compounds. Screening of novel enzymes, their biochemical characterisation as well as reaction engineering approaches in order to increase their performance are treated in three papers. Then the use of protein design as a tool for the directed improvement of reactivity and selectivity of biocatalysts is described in two reviews. The supply of sufficient quantities of biocatalysts must not be neglected: fluidized bed adsorption as an emerging technology for the simple and fast purification of biomolecules is presented in the light of its potential in large scale supply of enzyme catalysts.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 248 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This volume brings together the work of researchers from various disciplines where aspects of descriptive, mathematical, computational or design knowledge concerning metaphor and analogy, especially in the context of agents, have emerged. The book originates from an international workshop on Computation for Metaphors, Analogy, and Agents (CMAA), held in Aizu, Japan in April 1998.The 19 carefully reviewed and revised papers presented together with an introduction by the volume editor are organized into sections on Metaphor and Blending, Embodiment, Interaction, Imitation, Situated Mapping in Space and Time, Algebraic Engineering: Respecting Structure, and a Sea-Change in Viewpoints.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 408 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -The necessity to publish the second edition of this book arose when its third German edition had just been published. This second English edition is there fore a translation of the third German edition of Parameter Estimation and Hypothesis Testing in Linear Models, published in 1997. It differs from the first English edition by the addition of a new chapter on robust estimation of parameters and the deletion of the section on discriminant analysis, which has been more completely dealt with by the author in the book Bayesian In ference with Geodetic Applications, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 1990. Smaller additions and deletions have been incorporated, to im prove the text, to point out new developments or to eliminate errors which became apparent. A few examples have been also added. I thank Springer-Verlag for publishing this second edition and for the assistance in checking the translation, although the responsibility of errors remains with the author. I also want to express my thanks to Mrs. Ingrid Wahl and to Mrs. Heidemarlen Westhiiuser who prepared the second edition. Bonn, January 1999 Karl-Rudolf Koch Preface to the First Edition This book is a translation with slight modifications and additions of the second German edition of Parameter Estimation and Hypothesis Testing in Linear Models, published in 1987.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 360 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -EUROCRYPT ¿99, the seventeenth annual Eurocrypt Conference, was sp- soredbytheInternationalAssociationforCryptologicResearch(IACR),inco- erationwiththeGroupofCryptologywithintheUnionofCzechMathematicians and Physicists. The GeneralChair,JaroslavHruby, wasresponsiblefor the ov- allorganizationoftheconferenceinthebeautiful cityofPrague. Letmemention that it was a pleasure to work together: although we were in di erent locations, we managed to stay in close contact and maintain a smooth organization of the conference. The Program Committee, consisting of 21 members, considered 120 papers and selected 32 for presentation. In addition, Ross Anderson kindly agreed to chairthetraditionalrumpsessionforinformalshortpresentationsofnewresults. These proceedings include the revised versions of the 32 papers accepted by the Program Committee. These papers were selected on the basis of originality, quality, and relevance to cryptography. As a result, they should give a proper picture of how the eld is evolving. Revisions were not checked and the authors bear full responsibility for the contents of their papers. The selection of papers was a di cult and challenging task. Eachsubmission was refereed by at least three reviewers and most had four reports or more. I wish to thank the program committee members, who did an excellent job. In addition, I gratefully acknowledge the help of a large number of colleagues who reviewed submissions in their areas of expertise.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 500 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Although the histological typing of ovarian tumours is the focus of this volume, other aspects of investigation of a specimen of ovarian tumour are also important. Some of these aspects are mentioned in the text or illustrated. They include tumour grading, which is impor tantprognostically and therapeutically for certain types ofovarian tu mour, quantification ofcomponents in mixed tumours and evaluation of the stroma of certain tumours that are associated with endocrine function. Grading methodologies have varied from one tumour type to another and from one group of investigators to another for the same type of tumour. Because a standard internationally recognized grading methodology has not been established, no specific guidance is presented in this volume. Nevertheless, grading by any generally acceptable method should be incorporated in the diagnosis whenever appropriate. The clinical and pathological classification of the extent of tu mour growth (staging) should be taken into account for the purposes of treatment and prognosis. The TNlV1/FIGO system is therefore in cluded (p. 45). Histological Classification of Ovarian Tumours 1 Surface Epithelial-Stromal Tumours 1. 1 Serous tumours 1. 1. 1 Benign 1 1. 1. 1. 1 Cystadenoma 8441/0 Papillary cystadenoma 8460/0 1. 1. 1. 2 Surface papilloma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8461/0 1. 1. 1. 3 Adenofibroma; cystadenofibroma . . . . . 9014/0 1. 1. 2 Of borderline malignancy (of low malignant potential) 2 1. 1. 2. 1 Cystic tumour 8442/1 Papillary cystic tumour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 846211 Surface papillary tumour. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8463/1 1. 1. 2. 2 1. 1. 2. 3 Adenofibroma; cystadenofibroma 9014/1 1. 1.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 152 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Polymers are mainly characterized by molar mass, chemical composition, functionality and architecture. The determination of the complex structure of polymers by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods is one of the major concerns of polymer analysis and characterization. This lab manual describes the experimental approach to the chromatographic analysis of polymers. Different chromatographic methods, their theoretical background, equipment, experimental procedures and applications are discussed. The book will enable polymer chemists, physicists and material scientists as well as students of macromolecular and analytical science to optimize chromatographic conditions for a specific separation problem. Special emphasis is given to the description of applications for homo- and copolymers and polymer blends.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 240 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This interesting book deals with the theory of convex and starlike biholomorphic mappings in several complex variables. The underly ing theme is the extension to several complex variables of geometric aspects of the classical theory of univalent functions. Because the author's introduction provides an excellent overview of the content of the book, I will not duplicate the effort here. Rather, I will place the book into historical context. The theory of univalent functions long has been an important part of the study of holomorphic functions of one complex variable. The roots of the subject go back to the famous Riemann Mapping Theorem which asserts that a simply connected region n which is a proper subset of the complex plane C is biholomorphically equivalent to the open unit disk ~. That is, there is a univalent function (holo morphic bijection) I : ~ -+ n. In the early part of this century work began to focus on the class S of normalized (f (0) = 0 and I' (0) = 1) univalent functions defined on the unit disk. The restriction to uni valent functions defined on the unit disk is justified by the Riemann Mapping Theorem. The subject contains many beautiful results that were obtained by fundamental techniques developed by many mathe maticians, including Koebe, Bieberbach, Loewner, Goluzin, Grunsky, and Schiffer. The best-known aspect of univalent function theory is the so-called Bieberbach conjecture which was proved by de Branges in 1984.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 228 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Modified atmospheres are used to preserve foods without the need for unwanted preservatives. This book covers the subject from an industrial perspective and explains both how the technology works, and how it can be used. The editor and authors all have extensive practical knowledge of the subject and are world recognized authorities in the field. The new edition contains four new chapters and around 50% new material overall.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 312 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -DNA delivery into cells is a rapidly developing area in gene therapy and biotechnology. Moreover, it is a powerful research tool to determine gene structure, regulation, and function. Viral methods of DNA delivery are well-characterized and efficient, but little is known about the toxicity and immunogenecity of viral vectors. As a result, non-viral, transfection methods of DNA delivery are of increasing interest. Synthetic DNA Delivery Systems is a comprehensive and current resource on DNA transfection. The use of histidine-rich peptides and polypeptides as DNA delivery systems and self-assembled delivery systems based on cationic lipids and polymers are discussed. Targeted delivery to organelles, tumor cells and dendritic cells comprise an important topic.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 512 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -and acknowledgments Self-organized criticality is a new way of viewing nature. The basic picture is one where nature is perpetually out of balance, but organized in a poised state-the critical state-where anything can happen within well-defined statistical laws. The aim of the science of self-organized criticality is to yield insight into the fundamental question of why nature is complex, not simple, as the laws of physics imply. Self-organized criticality explains some ubiquitous patterns existing in nature that we view as complex. Fractal structure and catastrophic events are among those regularities. Applications range from the study of pulsars and black holes to earthquakes and the evolution of life. One intriguing conse quence of the theory is that catastrophes can occur for no reason whatsoever. Mass extinctions may take place without any external triggering mechanism such as a volcanic eruption or a meteorite hitting the earth (although the the ory of course cannot rule out that this has in fact occurred). xu How Nature Works Since we first proposed the idea in 1987, more than 2,ooo papers have been written on self-organized criticality, making ours the most cited paper in physics during that period. How Nature Works is the first book to deal with the subject. The basic idea is simple, and most of the mathematical models that have been used in the implementation of the theory are not complicated.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 240 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This is a book about computer programming for everyone: artist, poet, student, doctor, accountant, or engineer. It assumes you know very little or nothing about how computers work. This book will show you how to write understandable computer programs in Java, a programming language widely used on the Internet.Why should we be interested in learning computer programming Even though most readers will not wish to become professional programmers, programming is fun and useful. You will enjoy learning a new skill and becoming good at it. And, in today's world it is important for professionals in any field to appreciate what computers can (and cannot) do well. To reach this level of understanding, you must go beyond the routine skills of a computer user and learn the art of programming in some depth.While emphasizing general principles of programming this book:\* Uses examples from the humanities only, requiring no math or engineering knowledge\* Explains all programming concepts by means of complete programs\* Concentrates on exercises solved by writing complete programs\* Takes the reader from text input/output to object-oriented programming in the equivalent of a one semester class.\* Gives the reader a solid background for follow-on courses on the graphics and networking facilities of Java.This book is a sound and complete introduction to programming and not just another Java reference book for those who already know how to program. Although the book uses Java, the same methods can be used for systematic programming in other languages, such as C, Fortran, and Pascal. The book makes a splendid text for a one semester course on beginning programming and for such a course there are teaching aids available at the author's website. Professor Per Brinch Hansen, is one of the leading pioneers in computer programming, and his insight and experience make learning proper computer programming in Java fun and easy for everyone.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 260 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Concentrations of pollutants in the atmosphere have increased dramatically over the last century and many of these changes are attributable to anthropogenic activities. The influence of acid rain has been well studied, but there has been no extensive exploration of other pollutants, such as toxic chemicals, heavy metals and radionuclides. Natural ecosystems, especially forests, tend to accumulate many of these pollutants which subsequently can affect ecosystem health. These contaminants may be very damaging to the environment in Eastern Europe, where the rapid disappearance of forest is the result not only of contamination but also of poor forest management practices.The current book is designed to reduce the uncertainty in our current knowledge of forest radioecology. The three topics it embraces are (a) Modelling, (b) Measurements and Data, and (c) Countermeasures and Risk Assessment.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 448 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This critical survey of modern poetry from Thomas Hardy to Seamus Heaney considers both the self-consciously revolutionary innovations of Modernism and more traditional developments, taking fully into account the extent to which 'English' can no longer be equated solely with England. Scots, Welsh and Irish poetry, and poetry from Commonwealth countries such as Australia, New Zealand and the Caribbean, are recognised as equally important aspects of the diversity that characterises modern poetry in English; and, in particular, the contributions of North American poets such as Ezra Pound, William Carlos Williams, Wallace Stevens and Robert Lowell receive the major emphasis that their achievement and extensive influence warrants and attention is given to important new perspectives in the work of women poets such as Adrienne Rich, Sylvia Plath and Elizabeth Bishop.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The international controversy (highlighted in Britain by the Bulger case) over the relationship between video nasties and crime is one that has a long prior history. Do books, films or magazines create a corrupting environment which encourages crime and moral decay Dr. Springhall has written a highly perceptive and entertaining account of how commercial culture in Britain and America has been viewed, since its inception during the Industrial Revolution, as a force likely to undermine national morals. There has been wave after wave of scares: from the Victorian penny gaff theatres and penny dreadful novels to Hollywood gangster films, and American horror comics. A final chapter refers to video nasties, violence on television, 'gansta-rap' and computer games, each in turn playing the role of folk devils which must be causing delinquency. Why particular issues suddenly galvanize public attention, and why so many people have associated delinquency with entertainment, form the fascinating subjects of this groundbreaking book.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -In this fresh translation of five lectures delivered in 1907 at the University of Göttingen, Edmund Husserl lays out the philosophical problem of knowledge, indicates the requirements for its solution, and for the first time introduces the phenomenological method of reduction. For those interested in the genesis and development of Husserl's phenomenology, this text affords a unique glimpse into the epistemological motivation of his work, his concept of intentionality, and the formation of central phenomenological concepts that will later go by the names of `transcendental consciousness', the `noema', and the like. As a teaching text, The Idea of Phenomenology is ideal: it is brief, it is unencumbered by the technical terminology of Husserl's later work, it bears a clear connection to the problem of knowledge as formulated in the Cartesian tradition, and it is accompanied by a translator's introduction that clearly spells out the structure, argument, and movement of the text.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 80 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Climate change is one of the major environmental concern of many countries in the world. Negotiations to control potential climate changes have been taking place, from Rio to Kyoto, for the last five years. There is a widespread consciousness that the risk of incurring in relevant economic and environmental losses due to climate change is high. Scientific analyses have become more and more precise on the likely impacts of climate change. According to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, current trends in greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions may indeed cause the average global temperature to increase by 1-3. 5 °C over the next 100 years. As a result, sea levels are expected to rise by 15 to 95 em and climate zones to shift towards the poles by 150 to 550 km in mid latitudes. In order to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change, the IPCC report concludes that a stabilization of atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide - one of the major GHGs - at 550 parts per million by volume (ppmv) is recommended. This would imply a reduction of global emissions of about 50 per cent with respect to current levels. In this context, countries are negotiating to achieve a world-wide agreement on GHGs emissions control in order to stabilize climate changes. Despite the agreement on targets achieved in Kyoto, many issues still remain unresolved.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 242 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Geothermics in Basin Analysis focuses on the study of sedimentary basins, stressing essential parts of problems in which geothermics is involved. Subject matter includes the measuring of temperature logs and capturing of industrial temperature data and their interpretation to delineate subsurface conditions and processes, the importance of porosity and pore filling for modeling thermal fields, the thermal insulation of shales, geothermal anomalies associated with mud diapirs and basin hydrodynamic regimes, temperatures related to magmatic underplating and plate tectonics.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 260 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This volume presents exciting new developments in preparative heterocyclic chemistry with a special emphasis on the stereoselective synthesis of - or with the aid of - heterocycles. A wide range of modern methods and strategies for the construction and synthetic elaboration of versatile heterocycles is surveyed in depth by leading researchers in this field. Due to the high quality and up-to-date coverage of each chapter, this volume provides a valuable overview of the different aspects discussed and will at the same time be highly inspiring for the expert synthetic organic chemist as well as the non-specialist reader. 196 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -One of the greatest challenges facing package manufacturers is to develop reliable fine pitch thin packages with high leadcounts, capable of dissipating heat, and deliver them in volume to the market in a very short space of time. How can this be done Firstly, package structures, materials, and manufacturing processes must be optimised. Secondly, it is necessary to predict the likely failures and behaviour of parts before manufacture, whilst minimising the amount of time and money invested in undertaking costly experimental trials. In a high volume production environment, any design improvement that increases yield and reliability can be of immense benefit to the manufacturer. Components and systems need to be packaged to protect the IC from its environment. Encapsulating devices in plastic is very cheap and has the advantage of allowing them to be produced in high volume on an assembly line. Currently 95% of all ICs are encapsulated in plastic. Plastic packages are robust, light weight, and suitable for automated assembly onto printed circuit boards. They have developed from low pincount (14-28 pins) dual-in-line (DIP) packages in the 1970s, to fine pitch PQFPs (plastic quad flat pack) and TQFPs (thin quad flat pack) in the 1980s-1990s, with leadcounts as high as 256. The demand for PQFPs in 1997 was estimated to be 15 billion and this figure is expected to grow to 20 billion by the year 2000.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 164 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Ontologies and Databases brings together in one place important contributions and up-to-date research results in this fast moving area.Ontologies and Databases serves as an excellent reference, providing insight into some of the most challenging research issues in the field.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 126 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 300 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Since the initiative works for global analysis of linear differential equations by G.G. Stokes and B. Riemann in 1857, the Airy function and the Gauss hypergeometric function became the most important and the greatest practical special functions, which have a variety of applications to mathematical science, physics and engineering. The cffcctivity of these functions is essentially due to their 'behavior in the large' . For instance, the Airy function plays a basic role in the asymptotic analysis of many functions arising as solutions of differential equations in several problems of applied math ematics. In case of the employment of its behavior, one should always pay attention to the Stokes phenomenon. On the other hand, as is well-known, the Gauss hypergeometric function arises in all fields of mathematics, e.g., in number theory, in the theory of groups and in analysis itself. It is not too much to say that all power series are special or extended cases of the hypergeometric series. For the full use of its properties, one needs connection formulas or contiguous relations.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 548 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -The Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM) is a long-term, whole-watershed study examining the effects of experimentally elevated N and S deposition on a treated watershed, in comparison to the adjacent reference watershed. The study is in a northern New England, USA, forested ecosystem, and focuses on soil and stream hydrological and biogeochemical processes, and chemical responses of vegetation. Relative to the reference watershed, the treated ecosystem has migrated biogeochemically towards N saturation, and soil and stream acidification. Some of the responses to N amendments were not expected nor predicted by available models.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 260 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Measuring Up revisits vital issues of equity and assessment through the research efforts and insights of many of the nation's most prominent educators and assessment experts. As its most urgent purpose, the publication aims to sensitize readers to the unfairness and inappropriate uses of testing instruments which under optimal circumstances have the potential to benefit all students.With America fervently espousing both national and state testing, the differential performance by race and social class raises the specter of tests as barriers to life milestones such as promotion, graduation, and college admissions. In response to such punitive testing, the papers included here explore a host of models and practices that are currently being piloted both in America and abroad as educators grapple with the effects the assessment is having on minority and disadvantaged students and school systems. In the process, outcomes of innovative portfolio and authentic assessments are weighed against important standards and principles of validity and consequences.As the various authors probe the gap between African-American and White test scores, they raise important questions of resources, family background and educational opportunity. Beyond their value of their recommendations to educators, their papers help to identify causes of pupil deficiencies in ways that can be addressed by policymakers. To reinforce the emphasis on equity, several authors present a definitive defense of affirmative action as a critical counter-measure to the lack of fairness in school quality, family and social supports, and educational resources.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 288 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -The last decade has been one of dramatic progress in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). This hitherto largely academic discipline has found itself at the center of an information revolution ushered in by the Internet age, as demand for human-computer communication and informa tion access has exploded. Emerging applications in computer-assisted infor mation production and dissemination, automated understanding of news, understanding of spoken language, and processing of foreign languages have given impetus to research that resulted in a new generation of robust tools, systems, and commercial products. Well-positioned government research funding, particularly in the U. S. , has helped to advance the state-of-the art at an unprecedented pace, in no small measure thanks to the rigorous 1 evaluations. This volume focuses on the use of Natural Language Processing in In formation Retrieval (IR), an area of science and technology that deals with cataloging, categorization, classification, and search of large amounts of information, particularly in textual form. An outcome of an information retrieval process is usually a set of documents containing information on a given topic, and may consist of newspaper-like articles, memos, reports of any kind, entire books, as well as annotated image and sound files. Since we assume that the information is primarily encoded as text, IR is also a natural language processing problem: in order to decide if a document is relevant to a given information need, one needs to be able to understand its content.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 412 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -An attempt to render Chinese archaeology more accessible to Western readers through a detailed case study of approximately 16,000 years of cultural development in northeastern China. The author addresses prehistoric sociopolitical processes in the Dongbei region through an analysis of both his and other researchers' field data and demonstrates the potential contribution of conducting archaeological research into anthropology-related issues in China.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 300 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The articles collected in this volume are based on lectures given at the IMA Workshop, 'Computational Radiology and Imaging: Therapy and Diagnostics', March 17-21, 1997. Introductory articles by the editors have been added. The focus is on inverse problems involving electromagnetic radiation and particle beams, with applications to X-ray tomography, nuclear medicine, near-infrared imaging, microwave imaging, electron microscopy, and radiation therapy planning. Mathematical and computational tools and models which play important roles in this volume include the X-ray transform and other integral transforms, the linear Boltzmann equation and, for near-infrared imaging, its diffusion approximation, iterative methods for large linear and non-linear least-squares problems, iterative methods for linear feasibility problems, and optimization methods. The volume is intended not only for mathematical scientists and engineers working on these and related problems, but also for non-specialists. It contains much introductory expository material, and a large number of references. Many unsolved computational and mathematical problems of substantial practical importance are pointed out.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Biological chemistry is a major frontier of inorganic chemistry. Three special volumes devoted to Metal Sites in Proteins and Models address the questions: How unusual ('entatic') are metal sites in metalloproteins and metalloenzymes compared to those in small coordination complexes And if they are special, how do polypeptide chains and co-factors control this The chapters deal with iron, with metal centres acting as Lewis acids, metals in phosphate enzymes, with vanadium, and with the wide variety of transition metal ions which act as redox centres. They illustrate in particular how the combined armoury of genetics and structure determination at the molecular level are providing unprecedented new tools for molecular engineering.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 224 pp. Englisch.