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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - This book contains the proceedings of the International Symposium on Ophthalmie Drug Delivery, which was held in Pisa in October 1986. Topical ophthalmic therapy is a matter of interest to specialists from different fields (medical, pharmaceutical, chemical, technological, etc.), who, unfortunately, have a tendency to meet separately, thus limiting a diffusion of knowledge, ideas and experience that would greatly favour the overall pro gress in this area of research. The Symposium, for the first time in Europe, provided the opportunity for specialists from different disciplines and from different countfies to meet, to discuss and to share their experience. This multidisciplinary approach is reflected in the wide variety of topics that appear in the book. The papers are aimed at reviewing many of the complex, interrelated, medical pharmaceutical and technological facets of topical ophthalmic therapy. lt is our hope that they may stimulate further thought in this fascinating field, and may provide possible guidelines for future research. The editors wish to express their appreciation to the sponsors of the Symposium: Fidia Research Laboratories, whose generosity permitted the meeting tobe held, and the ltalian National Research Council (CNR, Progetto Finalizzato Chimica Fine e Secondaria) who gave its scientific tutorship. Thanks are also due to the other Symposium contributors, ACRAF SpA, Rome, and Allergan Italia SpA, Rome. The assistance, support and coopera tion given before, during and after the Symposium by Dr. Patrizia Chetoni, Dr. Maria Tilde Torracca and Dr. Elena Parolini arealso gratefully acknowledged.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - This volume contains the edited proceedings of a Totts Gap Colloquium held June 15 to 17, 1980 at Totts Gap Medical Research Laboratories in Bangor, Pennsylvania under the sponsorship of three neighboring community hospitals in the Lehigh Valley; St. Luke's Hospital of Bethlehem, Easton Hospital of Easton and Muhlenberg Medical Center of Bethlehem. The objective of the meeting was to examine from several points of view the impact of rapidly proliferating technology on medical education, practice and research, on hospitals and on the community at large. The participants were selected not only for their diversity of experience and point of view, but also for ability to listen as well as to speak. They were asked to examine, in an informal analytical dialogue, the effects on the quality and cost of health care and health education brought about by increasing reliance on medical technology. A further aim was to explore various strategies through which might be devised an affordable way to benefit fully from technological advances without compromising human initiative or diminishing emphasis on clinical judgment and effective communication between doctor and patient. The participants included a medical student, seasoned practitioners and medical educators, young specialists, researchers, administrators and members of boards of trustees of community hospitals and laymen as follows: Dr. Robert Ackerman, Associate Professor of Radiology, Harvard Medical School and Director of the Carotid Evaluation and Cerebral Blood Flow Laboratories at Massachusetts General Hospital. Dr. Paul B.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Worldwide concern in scientific, industrial, and governmental com munities over traces of toxic chemicals in foodstuffs and in both abiotic and biotic environments has justified the present triumvirate of specialized publications in this field: comprehensive reviews, rapidly published progress reports, and archival documentations. These three publications are integrated and scheduled to provide in international communication the coherency essential for nonduplicative and current progress in a field as dynamic and complex as environmental contamination and toxicology. Until now there has been no journal or other publication series reserved exclusively for the diversified literature on 'toxic' chemicals in our foods, our feeds, our geographical surroundings, our domestic animals, our wild life, and ourselves. Around the world immense efforts and many talents have been mobilized to technical and other evaluations of natures, locales, magnitudes, fates, and toxicology of the persisting residues of these chemicals loosed upon the world. Among the sequelae of this broad new emphasis has been an inescapable need for an articulated set of authorita tive publications where one could expect to find the latest important world literature produced by this emerging area of science together with documentation of pertinent ancillary legislation.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - The birth of a baby is the culmination of months of anticipation and plan ning. Most often, mother and infant are healthy and readily able to estab lish close contact-a bond. However, in some situations either mother or baby or both present complications. The more prompt and rational the treatment, the sooner the normal parent-infant relationship will commence. This book is devoted exclusively to the first days following birth. In its 15 chapters, postpartum and postnatal physiology and pathophy[ i.;logy are reviewed by 18 specialists. Normal and abnormal development of mother and child is correlated with proven means of clinical management. Chapters 1 through 3 cover maternal postpartum developments and complications. Chapter 4 stresses the importance of a normal parent newborn relationship, a concept of increasing concern in modern society. The following ten chapters discuss neonatal physiology and pathophysi ology; the effects of obstetric anesthesia on infant behavior, pulmonary function measurements in the postnatal period and treatment of the sick newborn are discussed in detail. The final chapter reviews maternal and perinatal mortality; the data, based on extensive surveys in New York City, indicate that current management is effecting an overall decline in mortality.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - This symposium was held at the l6lst ACS National Meeting, Los Angeles, March/April 1971. It represents a contribution to the discussion of problems connected with the state of water near macromolecules. Some papers are only peripheral to the problem of water structure but may become quite pertinent in specific cases. Questions concerned with water structure, rate of hydration, and similar problems are of importance for biological processes and are still not yet well understood. It is hoped that the papers presented here will be of some help in the clarification of problems in this area. H. H. G. Jellinek Department of Chemistry Clarkson College of Technology Potsdam, New York September, 1971 v CONTRIBUTORS S. Ablett, Unilever Research Laboratory, Colworth House, Sharnbrook, Bedford, England M. Anbar, Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, California F. W. Cope, Biochemistry Division, Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, U. S. Naval Air Development Center, Warminster, Pennsylvania B. Crist, Camille Dreyfus Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina F. Franks, Unilever Research Laboratory, Colworth House, Sharnbrook, Bedford, England H. R, Gloria, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California G. W. Gross, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico H. R. Hansen, The Procter & Gamble Company, Miami Valley Laboratories, Cincinnati, Ohio R. S. Kaiser, Research Laboratories, Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, New York N. Laiken, Department of Chemistry, The University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon C. E. Lamaze, Camille Dreyfus Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina G. N.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - This volume brings together the innovative ideas of 21 of America's leading governors and mayors expressed in their own words. The book features contributions carefully collected and selected over several years, including chapters by former Governors George Bush of Texas and Tommy Thompson of Wisconsin and Mayors Giuliani and Daley of New York and Chicago respectively.The editors have cast these varied contributions within the framework of 'the New Public Management', whose main elements are: (1) reverting to core functions; (2) devolving authority and decentralizing; (3) 'rightsizing', or limiting the size and scope of government; (4) restoring civil society; (5) adopting market principles; (6) managing for results, satisfying citizens, and holding government accountable; (7) empowering employees, citizens, and communities; and (8) introducing e-government and modern technology. …

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - The study of endotoxins has undergone cycles of enthusiastic research followed by neglect and revival again due to newly described biological effects attributed to endotoxins. It is almost a generally applicable rule that both extremes in such fluctuations in the popularity of certain re search fields are unjustified. It is obvious that exaggerated expectations will lead to disappointments, and complete neglect of a once-exciting field is to be followed by renewed attention, if the scientific basis of earlier interest was solid and remained so throughout. The healing ef fect of fever was praised as nature's blessed cure, until it was discov ered that it is caused by bacteria. When it became evident that by careful application one can arrive at therapeutic doses without intro ducing shock and hypotension, the era of fever therapy began. During this time, indiscriminate use of pyrogens was so widespread that the high expectations had to be followed by disillusionment. Since then, in terest in endotoxins experienced a few more oscillations, with varying wavelengths and amplitudes, the latest being triggered by the mitotic effect of endotoxin. This led to justified excitement among researchers who study the activation of the cells of the lymphatic system and the consequences thereof, including the release of important mediator mol ecules. Fever therapy is passe, but the healing that often followed the ap plication of endotoxins remains a well-documented fact.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Although blood capillaries were first observed through a flea-lens microscope by Malpighi in 1661,200 more years elapsed before the cellular nature of the vessel wall was conclusively demonstrated. Beginning with the middle of the 19th cen tury, our knowledge of the histological organization of blood vessels has steadily increased. However, the endothelium, which for a long time was considered to be just an inert barrier lining, had been barely explored until three decades ago. Since then, there has been an upsurge of interest in the fine structure and function of endothelial cells. Intense in vivo and in vitro investigations have revealed that the endothelial cell is a key element in a wide variety of normal activities and diseases. A large number of investigators and laboratories have been attracted to endothelial cell research, thus supporting the expansion of the continuously grow ing and diversifying field of endotheliology. The number of articles published annually on this subject has increased from a few score at the beginning of the 1970s to more than a thousand in recent years, and an increasing number of journals, books, societies, and symposia focused primarily on the vascular en dothelium have marked the last decade.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - and General Principles.- Evolutionary Aspects of Photoresponsive Systems.- Light Migration and Energy Utilization in Biological Systems.- The Biological Effects of Millimeter Waves.- Biological Photoresponses and Photoreceptors.- Photoresponsive Systems in Nature: UV Light.- Photoinduced Responses in UV-Irradiated Cells.- Photoregulation of E. Coli Growth and the near Ultraviolet Photochemistry of tRNA.- The Photoimmunology of Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity and Its Relationship to Photocarcinogenesis.- Photoresponsive Systems in Nature: Visible Light.- Photorepair Processes.- Reversible Absorbance Changes and Modulation of Biological Activities by Blue Light.- Proposed Mechanism for Photomodulation of Carbon Metabolism Enzyme Activity in Chloroplasts and Cyanobacteria.- Protein Phosphorylation as an Adaptive Mechanism in Photosynthesis and Vision.- Circadian Rhythms: The Basis for Information Processing in Eukaryotes during Adaptation to Seasonal Changes in Photo- and Thermoperiods.- Photocontrol of Enzyme Activity in Higher Plants ¿ Activation or Synthesis .- Photomodulation of Enzymes.- Photoresponsive Model Systems.- Photochemical Processes Induced with Enzyme-Generated Triplet Species.- Conformational Models of Light Energy Utilization in Photoreceptive Systems.- Activity Modulation by Photochromic Effectors.- Photomechanical Effects in Photochromic Systems.- Photoresponsive Synthetic Polymers.- Spectroscopic Studies of Conformational Changes in Photochromic Polypeptides.- Photoresponsive Crown Ethers.- Model Photoresponsive Membranes.- Photoresponsiveness and Models: Contributions and General Discussion.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Electromagnetic Properties of Superconductors.- Solitons, Plasma Waves, and Laser Pulses.- Neurophysics.- High Magnetic Fields in Stars.- Magnetic Scalar Potentials and the Multipole Expansion for Magnetostatics.- Classical Electron Theory from a Modern Standpoint.- Classical Electron Models.- Magnetic Charges. …

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - The theme for this volume was chosen because no previous book has discussed the quality attributes of meat, poultry and fish and the methods that can be utilized for their measurement. The topics are not only timely but of great importance. Chapter I provides an introduction to the topic and presents a brief overview of the subject to be discussed. The next two chapters review information on the importance of color and some color problems in muscle foods, and explains the basis of color vision and perception of color before describing the methods that may be used for its measure ment. The following chapter discusses water binding and juiciness and their importance, while Chapter 5 provides the first intensive modern review on measurement of juiciness that has been published (to the knowledge of the author and editors). Chapter 6 reviews the physiology and psychology of flavor and aroma, which serves as a background for further discussion on the flavor and aroma of foods. The next chapter discusses the chemistry of flavor and aroma in muscle foods, while measurement of flavor and aroma are covered in Chapter 8. Chapter 9 reviews the species-specific meat flavors and aromas. Chapter 10 reviews some flavor and aroma problems in muscle foods and their measurement.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - This volume contains eight chapters covering a wide range of topics: ultrasonic vibration potentials, impedance measurements, photo electrochemical kinetics, chlorine production, electrochemical behavior of titanium, structural properties of membranes, bioelec troche mistry, and small-particle effects for electrocatalysis. Chapter 1, contributed by Zana and Yeager, discusses the little used but potentially important area of ultrasonic vibration potentials. The authors review the historical literature and the associated theoretical equations. They continue by discussing various aspects of the experimental technique and close with a review of the existing studies. They conclude by noting that vibra tion potentials may be useful for determining the effects of various agents on colloidal suspensions found in such important industries as paper production. Chapter 2 is a review of impedance techniques, written by Macdonald and McKubre. The authors include not only derivations of various impedance functions for electrochemical systems but also particularly useful discussions of instrumental methods. The authors close with an interesting claim: 'the distribution of current and potential within a porous battery or fuel-cell electrode and within 'flow-through' electrodes is best analyzed in terms of the frequency dispersion of the impedance.' Chapter 3, by Khan and Bockris, is a timely review of photo electrochemical kinetics and related devices. Their work begins by reviewing critically important papers on photoelectrochemical kinetics. They continue by presenting detailed discussions concern ing the conceptual ideas of the semiconductor-solution interface. …

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - In this NATO-sponsored Advanced Research Workshop we succeeded in bringing together approximately forty scientists working in the three main areas of structurally incommensurate materials: incommensurate crystals (primarily ferroelectric insulators), incommensurate liquid crystals, and metallic quasi-crystals. Although these three classes of materials are quite distinct, the commonality of the physics of the origin and descrip tion of these incommensurate structures is striking and evident in these proceedings. A measure of the success of this conference was the degree to which interaction among the three subgroups occurred; this was facili tated by approximately equal amounts of theory and experiment in the papers presented. We thank the University of Colorado for providing pleasant housing and conference facilities at a modest cost, and we are especially grate ful to Ann Underwood, who retyped all the manuscripts into camera-ready form. J. F. Scott Boulder, Colorado N. A. Clark v CONTENTS PART I: INCOMMENSURATE CRYSTALS A. Theory A PHENOMENOLOGICAL THEORY OF THE TRANSITION SEQUENCE INCLUDING AN INCOMMENSURATE (COMMENSURATE) PHASE SANDWICHED BY REENTRANT COMMENSURATE (INCOMMENSURATE) PHASE - Yoshihiro Ishibashi . . . . . 1 DAUPHINE-TWIN DOMAIN CONFIGURATIONS IN QUARTZ AND ALUMINUM PHOSPHATE - M. B. Wa lker . . . . . . . . . . 9 ELASTIC AND INELASTIC SCATTERING FROM QUASI-PERIODIC STRUCTURES - T. Janssen and R. Currat . . . . . 19 ARE EXOTIC CONSEQUENCES OF INCOMMENSURABILITY IN SOLIDS EXPERIMENTALLY OBSERVABLE - J. B. Sokoloff. 35 B. Theory - Numerical l1ethods THE APPLICATION OF AXIAL ISING MODELS TO THE DESCRIPTION OF MODULATED ORDER - Julia Yeomans . . 45 TWO-DIMENSIONAL MODELS OF COMMENSURATE-INCOMMENSURATE PHASE TRANSITIONS - Palll D. Beale . . .…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - The majority of the offending toxicants to be reviewed in this volume were devel oped to help mankind, and it is only with prolonged or widespread application that their adverse effects have been recognized. Conversely, in the case of pre scrip tion drugs, there has been an attempt to identify the adverse effects in advance and incorporate these risks into the decision of approval for human consumption. Unfortunately, for those drugs in which recognized injury occurs only after prolonged use, such appraisals are made in retrospect. Despite this, most renal injury induced by drugs or toxicants can be either prevented by excluding drugs with unacceptable side effects or interrupted by eliminating the offending agent once damage is manifested. The fact that prevention, reversibility, or arrest of renal injury is possible provided a major impetus for this publication. Since no international registry for nephrotoxic injury exists, estimates of incidence must rely on less than ideal sources. Recently I, together with Dr. William Bennett, summarized a survey of the frequency of various categories of nephrologic disease (Porter and Bennett, 1981). Based on this survey, we projected that in nearly one of ten patients seeking nephrologic consultation a nephrotoxic etiology may be involved. Of cases of end-stage renal disease, between 3 and 4% are due to drug nephrotoxicity, according to recent published results(European Dialysis and Transplant Association, 1979). For acute renal failure, antibiotics and contrast agents persist as major offending agents, while for chronic renal failure, analgesics remain a worldwide problem. …

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - The structural features responsible for the immunogenicity of certain parts of native protein molecules have been of interest to immunochemists and protein chemists for over three decades. Following the early work of Land steiner in 1942, which showed that peptide fragments from silk fibroin exhibited an inhibitory activity toward the reaction of the protein with its antibodies, fragments from many other protein systems have been isolated and studied. However, no concerted effort was (or could be) devoted to the elucidation of the complete antigenic structure of a protein. In order for these endeavors to be successful and meaningful, knowledge of both the amino acid sequence and the detailed three-dimensional structure of the protein is necessary. Such information was not available for a protein until early in the 1960s. This and the fact that protein chemistry was not in fact sufficiently developed early in the 1960s to enable the successful completion of the entire antigenic structure of a protein were major contributing factors for the slow progress in this field. Determination of the antigenic structures of proteins therefore posed a chemical challenge of enormous proportions. For these reasons, many investigators diverted their attention to study of the immunochemistry of homo- or mixed amino acid polymers in the hope that the information derived from these systems might prove useful in the understanding of the immunochemistry of proteins.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - This volume represents the findings of the six-year NATO CCMS pilot study on the use of remote sensing for the control of marine pollution, a joint study conducted by countries confronted by the problems that arise from the prevention of, and the fight against, deliberate and accidental oil spills. In 1976, when I submitted to the Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society the draft of this pilot study, the use of remote sensing in the area covered by the project was still at the experimental research stage. Two years later, the Amoco Cadiz disaster occurring on the Brittany Coast gave ~he opportunity to demonstrate the important role that remote sensing could play in the fight against major oil spills. At the same time, many countries engaged in the fight against the deliberate discharge of oil from ships became aware of the po tential of remote sensing to help combat this type of illegal activity. Compiling this volume has afforded me the opportunity to re-read the papers that were presented at the workshops in Washington, D.C. and Paris, which were held April 1979 and October 1982, respectively. Not only is the material still of current interest, but also some recommendations expressed by the experts have already received international recognition. This applies, in particular, to the Isowake experiments, which were originated by the United States (U.S. Coast Guard) and the United Kingdom (Warren Spring Laboratory).…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - It would be difficult to think of a more important field of study in medicine than the interaction of cells with natural and foreign surfaces, but it is rare for those in the practice of medicine and surgery to get together with the basic scientists to discuss what they know about it, so that ground of common interest can be explored. Perhaps the symposium should have been entitled 'Interactions between those interested in cell surfaces --- ' because it is here that the chief value of such meetings must lie. Even a brief perusal of this volume shows just how far advanced thought and work are on some facets of the topic. Some of the most pressing problems in medicine are those of tumour spread and of thrombosis of blood vessels where surface phenomena are of paramount importance. Our understanding is still very limited but, as the symposium illustrated, the answers are only to be found by study at fundamental levels, the work gaining direction and point from interaction with surgeons and others concerned with the actual disease states.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - This book is an account of the manner in which the optical phenomena observed from solids relate to their fundamental properties. Written at the graduate level, it attempts a threefold purpose: an indication of the breadth of the subject, an in-depth examination of important areas, and a text for a two-semester course. The first two chapters present introductory theory as a foundation for subsequent reading. The following ten chapters broadly concern electronic properties associated with semiconductors ranging from narrow to wide energy gap materials. Lattice properties are examined in the remaining chap ters, in which effects governed by phonons in perfect crystals, point defects, their vibrational and electronic spectra, and electron-phonon interactions are stressed. Fun and hard work, both in considerable measure, have gone into the preparation of this volume. At the University of Freiburg, W. Germany, from August 7-20, 1966, the occasion of a NATO Advanced Study Institute on 'The Optical Properties of Solids,' the authors of these various chapters lectured for the Institute; this volume provides essentially the 'Proceed ings' of that meeting. Many major revisions of original lectures (contrac tions and enlargements) were required for better organization and presentation of the subject matter. Several abbreviated chapters appear mainly to indicate the importance of their contents in optical properties research and to indicate recently published books that provide ample coverage. We are indebted to many people: the authors for their efforts and patience; our host at the University of Freiburg, the late Professor Dr.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - The study of the phenotypic and genetic features that characterize the malignant cell is a rapidly growing and changing field. Clearly new insights into the processes involved in normal and abnormal cell growth will facilitate our understanding of events relevant to cancer and cellular differentiation. Early studies on genetic fea tures associated with cancer focused on chromosomal abnormalities that were observable in several human malignancies. The more recent examination of onco genes and the proteins they encode has helped pinpoint many steps in different processes that might be involved in cancer. Immunologic studies of cancer have also developed from an imprecise series of investigations to a more detailed molecular examination of cell-surface struc tures that can be recognized immunologically. In the course of the development of modern tumor immunology, it has become clear that many of the antigens that can be recognized appear to be the products of genes involved in cell growth. Fur thermore, changes in the cell surface of malignant cells have often been found to include alteration of nonprotein constituents.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Research activities in low dimensional conductors have shown a rapid growth since 1972 and have led to the discovery of new and remarkable phy sical properties unique to both molecular and inorganic conductors exhibi ting one-dimensional transport behaviour. This NATO Institute was a conti nuation of aseries of NATO Advanced Study Institutes of Worshops which took place at regular intervals till 1979. This is the first time, however, that charge density wave transport and electronic properties of low dimen sional organic conductors are treated on an equal footing. The program of the Institute was framed by tutorial lectures in the theories and experiments of low dimensional conductors. The bulk of the course covered two series of low-dimensional mate rials with their respective properties. 1) The I-D inorganic conductors exhibiting the phenomena of sliding charge density waves, narrow band noise, memory effects, etc .- 2) Low-dimensional crystallized organic conductors giving rise to various possibilities of ground states, spin-Peierls, spin density wave, Peierls, superconductivity and magnetic-field induced spin density wave, etc . Since it has been established from the beginning that this Institute was to be devoted essentially to the Physics of Low Dimensional Conductors, only one main course summarized the progress in chemistry and material preparation.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - The systematic study of the adsorption of organic compounds on electrodes began with the comprehensive survey of adsorption on mercury carried out by Gouy in the first decade of this century. His studies with the capillary electrometer are still useful but do not lend themselves to detailed quantitative analysis. A more de tailed study of a few systems by Frumkin in his thesis (1919) led him to propose a quantitative phenomenological theory of organic adsorption (1925, 1926) at almost the same time as Stern proposed the model of the electrical double layer which remains the picture accepted in general terms today. The attempt at a molecular model made by Butler (1929) should be more satisfying but up to the pres ent the formidable difficulties of a molecular theory of interfacial phenomena have prevented the full interpretation of experimental results along these lines. In his work with Proskurnin (1935), Frumkin is also respon sible for the major experimental advance in the demonstration that reliable measurements of the capacity of an electrode-solution interface can be obtained provided that the work is carried out under conditions of scrupulous cleanliness. Even so, preCise mea surements of double layer capacities were not obtained until Grahame (1941) showed how convenient and reliable the dropping mercury electrode was the for these studies. This method and the hanging drop electrode remain the preferred methods for study of adsorp tion on mercury. Solid electrodes present a more difficult problem.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - This volume documents the proceedings of the Symposium on Emissions from Continuous Combustion Systems that was held at the General Motors Research Laboratories, Warren, Michigan on September 27 and 28, 1971. This symposium was the fifteenth in an annual series presented by the Research Laboratories. Each symposium has covered a different technical discipline. To be selected as the theme of a symposium, the subject must be timely and of vital interest to General Motors as well as to the technical community at large. For each symposium, the practice is to solicit papers at the forefront of research from recognized authorities in the technical discipline of interest. Approximately sixty scientists and engineers from academic, government and industrial circles in this country and abroad are then invited to join about an equal number of General Motors technical personnel to discuss freely the commissioned papers. The technical portion of the meeting is supplemented by social functions at which ample time is afforded for informal exchanges of ideas amongst the participants. By such a direct interaction of a small and select group of informed participants, it is hoped to extend the boundaries of research in the selected technical field.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - In the last decade, neuropsychology has grown from a small subspecialty to a major component in the practice of clinical and medical psychology. This growth has been caused by advances in psychological testing (such as the Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological battery, as discussed in Chapter 5) that have made evaluation techniques in the field available to a wider audience, by advances in neuroradiol ogy and related medical areas that have enabled us to better understand the struc ture and function of the brain in living individuals without significant potential harm to those individuals, and by increased interest by psychologists and other scientists in the role that the brain plays in determining behavior. Many disorders that were believed by many to be caused purely by learning or environment have been shown to relate, at least in some cases, to brain dysfunction or damage. With the growth of the field, there has been increased interest in the work of neuropsychologists by many who are not in the field.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - In the Preface to Early Papers on Diffraction of X-rays by Crystals Volume I (containing Chapters I-V and published in 1969), the history and planning of the complete book were outlined. The publication in two separate and consecutive volumes was merely a matter of management; the compilation of both volumes was done at the same time. There is a distinct difference in subject-matter between both volumes: Volume I contains the fundamentals of the theory, while Volume II treats the practical development of the 'trial' -method and the genesis and first applications of the Fourier method. In the period covered by Early Papers (1912-1935), the trial method leads to the successful conquest of structures with up to a hundred parameters. We conclude the book with Patterson's discovery (1934) of the p2-series as described in his second, more detailed and extended paper of 1935. With this method the apparatus was completed which led to the present undreamt-of successes of the Fourier method in the field of organic chemistry. We have considered the inclusion of Robertson's famous synthesis of the structure of phtalocyanine (1936). However, we decided that its proper place would be at the beginning of a book which, no doubt, will appear one day, describing this later period. Considerations of space caused us to give up the chapter on Texture planned at first.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - In June, 1981, we conducted a two day international symposium in Rome devoted to original scientific presentations on arachidonic acid metabolism in the kidney. Scientists from 20 countries were represented either in the general scientific program or in the poster presentation. This book does not represent the proceedings of this international gathering, but rather the edited manuscripts specifically prepared as sum maries of the scientific presentations. We feel that the timeliness and originality of the contributions as well as the need for a compilation of existing work on prosta glandins, thromboxane, and the kidney warrant this publication. The meetings would have been impossible without the generous and substantial support of the Italian government, the National Institutes of Health, United States Public Health Service, and Merck Sharp & Dohme International. Supplementary support was also received from Ciba Geigy S. p. A. , Ente Fiuggi, Farmitalia Carlo Erba S. p. A. , Glaxo Laboratori S. p. A. , Hoechst Italia S. p. A. , Leo Pharmaceutical Products, Pfizer Italiana S. p. A. , Sigm Tau S. p. A. , Squibb S. p. A. , The Upjohn Company, Wellcome Italia S. p. A. , and Burroughs Wellcome Company. The efficient organization of the symposium was largely attributable to the superb efforts of Elisabeth Mutschlechner and Miki Scarinci of C. K. International, Rome. Linda Goldberg provided expert and invaluable editorial and secretarial assistance in the organization of this book. The book is divided into four major sections comprising: I.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - The sixth Ettore Majorana International School of Mathematical Physics was held at the Centro della Cultura Scientifica Erice, Sicily, 1-14 July 1985. The present volume collects lecture notes on the ses sion which was devoted to Fundamental Problems of Gauge Field Theory. The School was a NATO Advanced Study Institute sponsored by the Italian Ministry of Public Education, the Italian Ministry of Scientific and Technological Research and the Regional Sicilian Government. As a result of the experimental and theoretical developments of the last two decades, gauge field theory, in one form or another, now pro vides the standard language for the description of Nature; QCD and the standard model of the electroweak interactions illustrate this point. It is a basic task of mathematical physics to provide a solid foundation for these developments by putting the theory in a physically transparent and mathematically rigorous form. The lectures and seminars of the school concentrated on the many unsolved problems which arise here, and on the general ideas and methods which have been proposed for their solution. In particular, we mention the use of rigorous renormalization group methods to obtain control over the continuum limit of lattice gauge field theories, the explora tion of the extraordinary enigmatic connections between Kac-Moody Virasoro algebras and string theory, and the systematic use of the theory of local algebras and indefinite metric spaces to classify the charged C\* states in gauge field theories.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Concern is often expressed that our environment may include an increasingly large variety of mutagens, but the extent of the potential hazard they pose has yet to be fully evaluated. A variety of empirical procedures has been devised with which to estimate the mutagenic potency of suspect agents, and the relative merits of different tests are currently under debate. Although such tests are of great value, and are indeed indispensable, they are not, nevertheless, sufficient. In the long term, accurate estimation of hazard will also require a better understanding of the various mechanisms of mutagenesis, and in many instances these remain remarkably elusive. Our knowledge and appreciation of the problem has increased substantially over the last few years, but the precise way in which many mutagens cause mutations is not yet known. The aims of this conference were therefore two-fold. The first was to survey present information about mutagenic mechanisms, drawing together data from work with various experimental approaches and organisms, in order to discern the principles governing the action of different mutagens. The second was to examine the implications of such principles for the execution and evaluation of test procedures, and critically assess the research areas that need further attention in order to improve the interpretation of test results. Chris Lawrence v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We gratefully acknowledge the support provided for this Conference by the U.,S. Department of Energy, The Foundation for Microbiology, Exxon Corporation and the University of Rochester.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - This volume contains the lectures presented at the International School of Radiation Damage and Protection at the 'Ettore Majorana' Centre for Sci entific Culture in Erice, Italy, September 6-15, 1985. The sixth course of the School, entitled 'Advances in Applications, Biological Effects, and Dosimetry of Ultrasound,' provided an in-depth review of all facets of ultra sound interactions and their biological effects on living systems, allowing an assessment of the hazard potential of the various applications of ultra sound. Particular reference was made to possible health risks associated with medical ultrasound exposure since this use is by far the most prevalent. Since the initial application of ultrasound to submarine detection, medical diagnostic and therapeutic applications have become predominant over the past 20 years. The question of safety of this physical agent is an extremely important one. In many industrialized countries most pregnant women receive at least one diagnostic ultrasound examination before the birth of the child. Thus, potential hazards to the fetus are of prime concern. This problem has been aggravated by the fact that the medical diagnostic applications of ultrasound have far outpaced research efforts on biological effects. A further compounding factor of concern to clinicians and scientists has been the use of higher and higher intensities by the manufacturers of ultrasound equipment, particularly higher peak pulse intensities.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - A NATO Advanced Study Institute on 'Membrane Receptors, Dynamics and Energetics' was held in order to consider recent developments in membrane receptor research. Presentations and discussions focussed on signal transduction mechanisms (e.g. 2 G-proteins, transducin, Ca +) and on the structure and func tion of some selected receptors (i.e. low density lipoprotein receptor, acetylcholine receptor, growth factor receptors, toxin receptors). These topics were put in the larger con text of current knowledge on the structure and function of membranes; connections between different fields of research were established by in-depth discussions of energy transduc tion and transport mechanisms. Specialized membrane systems were discussed including chloroplasts and chromaffin granules. Functional relationships with specific lipids (e.g. phospho inositides, lipid A) were major topics of discussion. This book presents the content of the major lectures and a selection of most relevant posters presented during the course of the Institute. This book is intended to make the proceedings of the Institute accessible to a larger audience and to offer a comprehensive account of those topics of re ceptor, membrane and bioenergetics research that were at the center of interest during our stay on the Island of Spetsai from August 17 to 30, 1986.…