springer humana apr 2012 (41 risultati)

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -There is a startling amount of research activity concerning the role of sialic acid in mammalian cells and in the mammalian organism. One may discern in the early literature premonitions of compounds containing sialic acid, traceable by descriptions of color reactions, as far back as the turn of the century. Work spanning the 1930s to the 1950s culmi nated in the crystallization of sialic acid from a wide variety of biological materials. The ubiquitous nature of the sialic acids, and the biological importance of the substances in which they occur, then became generally manifest. Since then, the chemistry and metabolism of sialic acid and its occurrence, notably, but not exclusively, in the outer cell surfaces of mammalian cells and in key extracellular glycoproteins, have received great attention. The involvement of sialic acid-containing substances in tumorigenicity and in numerous metabolic and infectious pathological conditions, and in the growth, development, and integrity of mammalian cells has achieved widespread recognition. Intensive inquiry into the biological roles of sialic acid continues in a large number of research laboratories throughout the world. This book is intended to represent for the uninitiated as well as for the expert a wide and detailed overview of the current state of knowledge. Major efforts and pioneering break throughs have emerged from several laboratories, located on both sides of the Atlantic, of which we make no special individual mention here since they will to some extent appear in the pages that follow. 396 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This is the first book in the series that is being called The Reviews of Infrared and Millimeter Waves. The series will contain the manuscripts of invited papers from conferences on this subject. This first book contains some of the invited papers from the XXth General Assembly of the Union-Radio-Scientifique Internationale, Washington, August, 1981. We were asked by the URSI Cornmittee to organize a two day symposium on millimeter and submillimeter waves This required the difficult choice of five topics which turned out to be (1) Ultra-low Noise Millimeter Wave Rec~ivers (Detectors and Mixers), (2) Free Electron Maser and Gyrotron, (3) Measurements of Power and Noise Power, (4) Complex Dielectric Properties of Solids and Liquids, and (5) Radioastronomy. We have not yet collected all the m . . nuscripts and perhaps we never shall because the tine-. consur. J. ing effort required to prepare a comprehensive review nanuscript works a hardship on research scientists who are already overburdened. 've are particularly grateful, therefore, to the authors lVho have worked so hard to contribute the chapters to this book. The first four chapters contibute to the timely topic of detectors, nixers and re ceivers. These authors: Tucker, Feldman, Rudner, Okamura, Hogg and their well-known colleagues have been among the leaders in this exciting emerging field for the past few years. The fifth chapter by Sakai and Genzel is the most comprehensive treatment of the metal mesh filter science that can be found in one place. 384 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Thermal analysis cuts a broad swathe through contemporary science. Within this domain, advances in instrumentation permit the application of quantitative calorimetry to the full spectrum of modern materials. This can be illustrated perhaps no better than by the set of contributions which make up this Volume 4 of Analytical Calorimetry. The research supported in this fourth volume of Analytical Calorimetry covers a wide variety of topics. The range indicates the sophistication which thermal analysis is reaching and additional ly the ever-widening applications that are being developed. The contributions to the Volume represent, in part, papers presented before the Division of Analytical Chemistry at the Fourth Symposium on Analytical Chemistry held at the 172nd National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, August 29 - September 3, 1976. Several additional key contributions are included by prominent workers in the field. Julian F. Johnson Roger S. Porter v Quantitative Scanning Calorimetry with Computerized Data Acquisition and Reduction . . . . . . . 1 Aris Doelman, Annie R. Gregges, and Edward M. Barrall, II Thermodynamic Properties of a Series of P-N-Alkyl-P'-Cyanobiphenyls 19 E. M. Barrall II, R. J. Cox, A. Doelman, N. Clecak, J. A. Logan, and A. R. Gregges Thermodynamic Properties of a Series of 37 P-N-Alkoxy-P'-Cyanobiphenyls R. J. Cox, E. M. Barrall II, A. Doelman, N. J. Clecak, J. A. Logan, R. D. Diller, and A. R. Gregges A New Equation for Predicting Polyethylene Lifetimes from Thermal Data 51 Cary F. 264 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The choice of title for this collective volume reflects the desire of the editors and authors to make clear that, while the bulk of the material is concerned with luminescence, other aspects of the excited state have not been excluded. In the five years which have elapsed since the publication of the classical monograph of Konev, a wealth of new information has ap peared on the emission properties of proteins and nucleic acids. Indeed, since new publications in this area appear to be proliferating in a geometric ratio, this may be the last opportunity to provide a comprehensive summary of the field in a book which is not of prohibitive length. This is what we have attempted to do here. While the orientation of each chapter naturally reflects the interests and point of view of the author, there has been a general effort to present .a critical assessment of existing results and interpretations, rather than a compendium of data with minimal comment. Finally, it should be stressed that the rapid evolution of the subject at the time of writing makes it inevitable that the book will age to some degree over the next few years, although this will occur at differing rates for the various chapters. We can only hope that most of the material in this interim summing-up will prove resistant to the erosion of time and provide a solid foundation for further progress. 504 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The primary purpose of this book is to bridge the gap be tween the practice of clinical medicine and diagnostic radi ology. It is intended primarily for utilization by medical students in training and by nonradiologist physicians. In this world of rapidly expanding knowledge in the many specialties of medicine, it is becoming increasingly difficult for many physicians to stay abreast of the newer and constantly changing modalities of diagnosis as well as the therapeutic regimens of the common as well as the less common disease processes within their realm of practice. This book will enable the busy clinician to utilize the consultative services offered by his or her colleagues in diagnostic radiology with maximum effectiveness. The most common clinical applications of the more recent imag ing modalities (i. e. , nuclear medicine, ultrasound, comput erized tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging) have been categorized and condensed into a format that will be both comprehensible and useful on a daily basis for those physicians routinely requesting these diagnostic examina tions for their patients. For simplicity, the book is divided, whenever feasible, into organ systems and subdivided into the multiple classifications of pathologic states (i. e. , con genital, trauma or iatrogenic, inflammatory, and neo plasm). In addition, there are brief comments related to the vii specific advantages and disadvantages as well as the cost effectiveness of each modality. 248 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -It is indeed a pleasure to welcome all of you to this Inter national Symposium on the Neurohumoral coding of Brain Function. Many of you have undertaken a very long trip in order to cross swords with some of the most fascinating issues in all of the neurosciences. Of particular satisfaction in this instance is the geographical representation of the sciences with individuals here from Europe and the Americas - South, Central and North. As we do battle, so to speak, with each of the questions raised during the next several days, we should remember that the problems faced by each of our fields are exceptionally difficult. In a way, this difficulty stems from two related facts: (1) we are trying to construct a conceptual bridgework between one disci pline and another; and (2) the distance between the research fabric of any two of these disciplines is vast. It would probably not be unfair to say that a large number of scientists feel relatively contented in remaining within the bound aries of their own area of specialization. In a sense, that is certainly justifiable today primarily because of the intensity of such specialization. However, the participants of this symposium, who reflect some of the major thrusts in biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology and psychology, have in the main chosen to explore the pathways that cross the interface between mind and body - be tween behavior and brain. 496 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book, which originated in the presentations of a symposium sponsored by the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, held in Mexico City on April 14-16, 1980, represents an attempt to analyze some of the most relevant aspects of synaptic transmission. This topic was chosen on the strong belief that the progress of the neurosciences depends to a great extent on the understanding of the basic mechanisms of synaptic function. Rather than selecting only a specific approach or speciality, the book intends to cover this field in a multi disciplinary way. This means that neurochemical, neurophysiological and morphological studies are mingled throughout the book, which hopefully will help the reader to integrate the different faces of the same problem. Across the book the presynaptic component of synaptic transmission and its regulation is stressed much more than the postsynaptic phenomena. Although this might be a limitation, it has the advantage of increasing the focus of the book on a series of events which are gaining importance and interest every day. 436 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The articles and short communications in this volume are based on papers pre sented to the Symposium on Cerebral Hypoxia and Stroke held in Budapest in August of 1987. Besides participants at the meeting, three scientists who were invited but could not attend have also contributed chapters to this volume. A synopsis of the general discussion at the conference and a review chapter conclude this volume. To the readers of this book it will not be news that stroke is a worldwide problem. Efforts to cope with this often devastating condition are worldwide also, as attested by the international membership of the conference. It has been said of oxygen deficiency that it not only stops the machine, it also wrecks the machinery. The paramount question in stroke research is this: why can't the brain be restarted after a hypoxic episode in much the same manner as a motor car can when its gas tank is refilled after it stalled because it ran out of fuel Participants at the Symposium had been requested in advance of the meeting to especially consider a series of specific questions in relation to this general problem. Among these specific questions were: the mechanism of synaptic blockade in hypoxic brain tissue; the transition from reversible to irreversible arrest of function; the nature of postischemic (delayed) cell death; the possible basic differences in the consequences of hypoxia and ischemia; and actual and potential approaches to the prevention and treatment of cell damage in hypoxia and stroke. 488 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -1 Effects of Drugs on Energy Metabolism of the Brain and on Cerebral Transport.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Drugs and Brain Cell Energetics.- 3. Neurotropic Drugs Affecting Electron and Energy Transfer.- 3.1. Barbiturates.- 3.2. Uncouplers of Brain Respiration.- 3.3. Fluoroacetate.- 3.4. Methionine Sulfoximine.- 3.5. Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Insecticides.- 3.6. 2-Deoxyglucose.- 3.7. -Hydroxybutyrate.- 3.8. Aminooxyacetate.- 3.9. Haloperidol.- 4. Drugs and Brain Cell Permeabilities.- 4.1. Tetrodotoxin.- 4.2. Local Anesthetics: Cocaine, Procaine, Lidocaine, etc.- 4.3. Ouabain.- 4.4. Protoveratrine.- 5. Drugs Affecting Cerebral Biogenic Amine Levels.- 5.1. Reserpine.- 5.2. Phenothiazines.- 5.3. Imipramine.- 5.4. Amphetamines.- 5.5. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors.- 5.6. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD).- 5.7. Amino Acid Decarboxylase Inhibitors.- 6. Ethanol.- 7. References.- 2 Role of Cyclic Nucleotides in the Nervous System.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Enzymatic Formation, Degradation, and Action of Cyclic Nucleotides.- 2.1. Adenylate Cyclases.- 2.2. Guanylate Cyclases.- 2.3. Phosphodiesterases.- 2.4. Protein Kinases.- 2.5. Phosphoprotein Phosphates.- 3. Accumulation of Cyclic Nucleotides.- 3.1. Cyclic AMP in Brain Slices.- 3.2. Cyclic GMP in Brain Slices.- 3.3. Cyclic AMP in Ganglia.- 3.4. Cyclic AMP in Cells of Neuronal or Glial Origin.- 4. Functional Roles of Cyclic Nucleotides.- 4.1. Effects on Enzymatic Processes.- 4.2. Cell Morphology, Differentiation, and Growth.- 4.3. Membrane Phenomena.- 4.4. Centrally Active Drugs and Levels of Cyclic Nucleotides in Brain.- 4.5. Behavioral Effects.- 5. Conclusion.- 6. References.- 3 Purinergic Transmission.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Distribution of Purinergic Nerves.- 2.1. Gastrointestinal Tract.- 2.2. Lung and Trachea.- 2.3. Vascular System.- 2.4. Urinogenital System.- 2.5. Eye.- 2.6. CNS.- 3. Fine Structure and Histochemistry of Purinergic Nerves.- 3.1. Fine Structure of Purinergic Nerves.- 3.2. Histochemical Approaches to Localization of Purinergic Nerves.- 4. Electrophysiology of Purinergic Transmission.- 4.1. Inhibitory Junction Potentials.- 4.2. Postsynaptic Action of Transmitter.- 4.3. Interaction of Purinergic with Cholinergic and Adrenergic Responses in Single Cells.- 5. Physiological Roles of Purinergic Nerves.- 5.1. Reflex Relaxation of the Esophagogastric Junction.- 5.2. ¿Receptive Relaxation¿ of the Stomach.- 5.3. ¿Descending Inhibition¿ of Peristalsis.- 5.4. Reflex Relaxation of the Internal Anal Sphincter.- 5.5. Vomiting and Nausea.- 5.6. Bronchodilatation, Asphyxia, Asthma.- 5.7. Coughing.- 5.8. Inflammation of the Skin.- 5.9. Activities in the CNS.- 6. Evidence that ATP is the Purinergic Nerve Transmitter.- 6.1. Formation and Storage of ATP.- 6.2. Release of ATP.- 6.3. Direct Actions of Purine Nucleotides and Nucleosides on Smooth Muscle.- 6.4. Inactivation of ATP.- 6.5. Antagonism and Potentiation of Responses to Nerve Stimulation and ATP.- 7. Pharmacology of Adenyl Compounds and Purinergic Transmission.- 7.1. Inhibitory and Excitatory Action of Adenyl Compounds.- 7.2. Drugs That Antagonize the Action of Adenyl Compounds.- 7.3. Drugs That Potentiate the Action of Adenyl Compounds.- 8. Speculations on the Evolution and Development of Purinergic Nerves.- 9. Summary.- 10. References.- 4 Hypothalamic Hypophysiotropic Hormones.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Hypophysiotropic Hormone Action.- 2.1. Characteristics.- 2.2. Mechanisms of Hypophysiotropic Action of Peripheral Hormones.- 3. Thyrotropin Releasing Factor (TRF).- 3.1. Effect of TRF on Secretion of Other Pituitary Hormones.- 3.2. Psychotropic Actions of TRF.- 3.3. TRF Binding Studies.- 3.4. TRF Structure-Function Relationship Studies.- 4. Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Factor (LRF).- 4.1. LRF Structure-Function Studies.- 4.2. LRF Binding Studies.- 4.3. Behavioral Effects of LRF.- 5. Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF).- 6. Prolactin Release Inhibiting Factor (PIF).- 7. Growth Hormone Releasing Factor (GRF).- 8. Somatostatin-Somatotropin Release Inhibiting Factor (SRIF).- 9. References.- 5 Binding, Metabolism, and Action of Steroid Hormones in the Central Nervous System.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Estrogens.- 2.1. Determination of the Estradiol Concentration in Dissected Brain Regions.- 2.2. Determination of the Cellular Localization of [3H]Estradiol by Autoradiography.- 2.3. Subcellular Distribution of Estradiol.- 2.4. Developmental Changes in the Estradiol Binding System.- 2.5. Changes in Estradiol Binding During the Estrus Cycle.- 2.6. Behavioral and Physiological Effects of Estrogen Agonists and Antagonists.- 2.7. Sites of Estrogen Action.- 2.8. Temporal Aspects of Estrogen Action.- 3. Androgens.- 3.1. Regional and Cellular Distribution of Radioactivity After an Injection of [3H]Testosterone in the Castrated Male Rat.- 3.2. Testosterone Metabolism in Peripheral Tissues: The Idea of Testosterone as a ¿Prehormone¿.- 3.3. Metabolism of Testosterone in the Brain.- 3.4. Saturability and Stereoselectivity of Androgen Retention.- 3.5. Androgen-Binding Macromolecules.- 3.6. Androgen Retention in Birds.- 3.7. Comparison of Sites of Androgen Binding and Androgen Action in the Adult.- 3.8. Androgen Binding and Action During Development.- 3.9. Chemical Specificity of Androgen Action: Is There More Than One Type of Androgen Receptor in the Brain .- 3.10. Role of Aromatization in Androgen Action.- 4. Glucocorticoids.- 4.1. Anatomical Distribution of Corticosterone Binding Sites in the Rat.- 4.2. Saturability and Stereoselectivity of Corticosterone Retention.- 4.3. Subcellular Distribution of Corticosterone.- 4.4. Corticosterone-Binding Macromolecules in the Nucleus and Cytoplasm in Vivo.- 4.5. Corticosterone Binding in Vitro.- 4.6. Experiments on Other Glucocorticoids and Other Species.- 4.7. Metabolism of Glucocorticoids in the Brain.- 4.8. Measurements of Endogenous Glucocorticoids in the Nervous System.- 4.9. Correlations Between Corticosterone Bindin.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book is an outgrowth of formal graduate courses in multiple-criteria decision making (MCDM) that the author has taught at the University of Rochester, University of Texas at Austin, and University of Kansas since 1972. The purpose is, on one hand, to offer the reader an integral and systematic view of various concepts and techniques in MCDM at an 'introductory' level, and, on the other hand, to provide a basic conception of the human decision mechanism, which may improve our ability to apply the techniques we have learned and may broaden our llJ.ind for modeling human decision making. The book is written with a goal in mind that the reader should be able to assimilate and benefit from most of the concepts in the book if he has the mathematical maturity equivalent to a course in operations research or optimiz ation theory. Good training in linear and nonlinear programming is sufficient to digest, perhaps easily, most of the concepts in the book. 404 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The MIT International Nutrition Planning Program (INP) was initiated in the fall of 1972 with a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, later supplemented by funds from USAID under the 2110 Program. Con ceived as a multidisciplinary undertaking, the INP was a joint effort of the Department of Nutrition and Food Science and the Center for Inter national Studies at MIT that also included representatives of the Depart ments of Economics, Political Science, Urban Studies, Humanities (Anthropology), and Civil Engineering. It has been successful in attract ing graduate students and conducting research on various international food and nutrition problems, including the design of intervention pro grams. A condition of the original grant from the Rockefeller Foundation was the organization of a meeting to summarize and evaluate the prog ress of the program. It was ultimately decided that the best approach would be a workshop that would attempt to assess what had been learned about the implementation of food and nutrition policies since the start of the INP. Out of concern for food and nutrition policy issues, the World Hunger Programme of The United Nations University (UNU) and the Ford Foundation also agreed to cosponsor the workshop. 576 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The first demonstration of the existence of a vitamin and the full recognition of this fact are often attributed to the work of McCollum, who found that a sub stance in butterfat and cod-liver oil was necessary for growth and health of ani mals fed purified diets. It became obvious that an organic substance present in microconcentrations was vital to growth and reproduction of animals. Following the coining of the word vitamine by Funk, McCollum named this fat-soluble sub stance vitamin A. We can, therefore, state that vitamin A was certainly one of the first known vitamins, yet its function and the function of the other fat-soluble vitamins had remained largely unknown until recent years. However, there has been an explosion of investigation and new information in this field, which had remained quiescent for at least two or three decades. It is now obvious that the fat-soluble vitamins function quite differently from their water-soluble counter parts. We have learned that vitamin D functions by virtue of its being converted in the kidney to a hormone that functions to regulate calcium and phosphorus metabolism. This new endocrine system is in the process of being elucidated in detail, and in addition, the medical use of these hormonal forms of vitamin D in the treatment of a variety of metabolic bone diseases has excited the medical com munity. 300 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The story of mammalian neural transplantation really begins eighty-one years ago. In Chicago in December of 1903, a 34-year-old physician, Elizabeth Hopkins Dunn, working as a research assistant in neurology, initiated a series of experiments to examine the ability of neonatal rat cerebral tissue to survive transplantation into the brain of matched littermates. Out of 46 attempts, four clearly successful grafts were identified. The publication of Dunn's results in 1917, the first credible report to demonstrate the feasibility of mammalian CNS transplants, generated little interest. In fact, the next significant experiment in this field did not appear until 1930. The field continued to grow slowly and quietly as investigators gradually realized the value of neural trans plantation to study problems of development and plasticity in the mammalian nervous system. With the discovery in 1979 that grafted neurons were capable of appropriate and functional interactions with the host brain, interest in neural transplantation esca lated sharply. The extraordinary opportunities created by using functional neural trans plants in investigating basic issues in neurobiology, as well as the clinical implications, excited both scientists and the public. The popularity of neural transplantation has been growing rapidly in the past five years and shows no signs of abating. The present volume was designed to meet two needs created by the rapid growth of this subdiscipline of neurobiology. The first was to provide a thorough review of the experimental foundations of neural transplantation. 488 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The investigation of the physical properties of matter has progressed so much during the last hundred years that today physics is divided into a large group of special branches, which are often very distant from each other. These branches arise because of the vast extent of the science itself, and are distinguished by the particular area studied, the method of investigation and so on. An independent and important branch that has developed recently is the physics of thin films. This deals with systems which have only one common property, namely, that one of their dimensions is very small, though all other physical properties of such systems may be different, as well as methods of investigating them. Usually, we investigate the physical characteristics of three-dimensional bodies. Their characteristic prop::!rties are often related to a unit volume, i.e. it is assumed that they are volume-independent. This assumption is legitimate as long as the dimensions are 'normal', i.e. more or less within macroscopic limits; but as soon as one dimension becomes so small that there is a considerable increase in a surface-to-volume ratio, that assumption is no longer valid. 260 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This volume contains five chapters covering four topics of current research interest: splitting of water, lithium batteries, intercalation, and fundamental aspects of electrode processes. Two chapters are devoted to splitting of water. The first chapter, by Gutmann and Murphy, presents a comprehensive review of the classical methods of splitting water by electrolysis and also presents some novel techniques for splitting water. Chapter 2, by Gratzel, surveys the current research being done on water splitting using visible light. Two chapters are included that deal with the timely topics of lithium batteries and intercalation. The first, Chapter 3 by Marincic, presents a practical guide to the recent development of lithium batteries, while the second, Chapter 4 by McKinnon and Haering, presents and discusses various theoretical approaches to inter calation. The last chapter in the book, Chapter 5 by Khan, presents a survey of many of the fundamental concepts and misconceptions of electrode kinetics as applied to semiconductors in particular. 380 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Surface science and colloid science are preeminently experimental subjects. They constitute complementary aspects of a field which has been notably active since World War II; there is every reason to expect that the level of activity will continue to rise in the coming decades, so it is timely to review certain experimental methods of surface and colloid science as they exist, and to evaluate and refine those methods. This volume, and others that will follow, are principally concerned with experimental methods. The working scientist needs access to the latest techniques, of course. He also needs to learn of the potentialities of recently developed techniques which he may not have been aware of. Equally important, or perhaps even more so, he needs to learn of the pitfalls of existing methods. One might say, wistfully, that it would be nice to be able to pick up somebody's description of a new piece of apparatus, to go into the laboratory, to build it, and to have it work, the first time! There is, however, a serious problem of the interaction between the experiment per se and the theory for which the experiment is designed. Very often, this interaction renders problematic the interpretation of 'direct' observations. An example, from experience of the senior editor of this volume, is the question of contact angle hysteresis. (See Chapters 1 and 2. 364 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Psychopathology is the science of deviant behavior. However, as psy chopathologists, our explanations of deviant behavior are not developed in a sterile, laboratory environment. Abnormality is a relative concept, and the labeling of someone or some behavior as abnormal is inextrica bly linked to a particular social context. In the United States, for exam ple, a woman reporting vivid hallucinations is likely to be committed to a mental hospital and the behavior considered maladaptive. In other cultures, the same behavior may be interpreted as reflecting magical, healing powers, and the woman honored and revered. An explicit assumption underlying this book is that elements of social causality influence the development and maintenance of psycho pathology. While the chapters emphasize environmental influences, this is not intended to negate the importance of physiological, biological, genetic, or hormonal factors in relation to psychopathology. The purpose of this book is to examine the impact of sex role ster eotypes on the occurrence and distribution of specific forms of psycho pathology. In contrast to prior work, which emphasizes sex differences (e.g., Franks and Gomberg's Gender and Disordered Behavior) these are not the primary focus of this volume. Sex Roles and Psychopathology analyzes the extent to which cultural norms about the sexes, societal expectations and values about sex-typed behavior and sex differences, and profes sional biases influence the development, manifestation, and mainte nance of abnormal behavior among men and women. 424 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Problem solving is a central topic for both cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence (AI). Psychology seeks to analyze naturally occur ring problem solving into hypothetical processes, while AI seeks to synthesize problem-solving performance from well-defined processes. Psychology may suggest possible processes to AI and, in turn, AI may suggest plausible hypotheses to psychology. It should be useful for both sides to have some idea of the other's contribution-hence this book, which brings together overviews of psychological and AI re search in major areas of problem solving. At a more general level, this book is intended to be a contribution toward comparative cognitive science. Cognitive science is the study of intelligent systems, whether natural or artificial, and treats both organ isms and computers as types of information-processing systems. Clearly, humans and typical current computers have rather different functional or cognitive architectures. Thus, insights into the role of cognitive ar chitecture in performance may be gained by comparing typical human problem solving with efficient machine problem solving over a range of tasks. Readers may notice that there is little mention of connectionist ap proaches in this volume. This is because, at the time of writing, such approaches have had little or no impact on research at the problem solving level. Should a similar volume be produced in ten years or so, of course, a very different story may need to be told. 404 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book aims to describe the current state of knowledge and possible future developments in a number of major areas of research into the nature, causes and treatment of cancer. The contributing authors have been encouraged to discuss their subjects at the molecular level. It will become apparent to the reader that considerable developments in the understanding of the fundamental nature of cancer, in molecular terms, are constantly being made. This is particularly the case in the area of oncogene research where differences between tumour and normal cells can now be defined in terms of altered expression of DNA sequences. An understanding of the methods available for detecting cancer, of the process of carcinogenesis and of the means available for treating cancer can only be achieved with a precise knowledge of the basic biochemical and molecular processes involved. Since it is all to easy for the research scientist to become totally absorbed within the specialised area of research in which he is involved, the first chapter is an attempt to encourage a broader field of vision by introducing the clinician's view of the cancer problem, which illustrates the broad spectrum of basic problems that need to be solved by the cancer researcher. 360 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This volume is a collection of the presentations given at a symposium on reaction kinetics in micelles at the l64th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Division of Colloid and Surface Science, in New York City in August of 1972. Participants in this symposium have all been active in the field of reaction kinetics in micelles during the past several years. Indeed, much of what is known in this area is the direct result of their efforts. It is hoped that this small volume will serve to summarize the current state of knowledge in this area, to point out some new directions toward which research efforts are pointed, and to induce new researchers with fresh points of view to enter this young and relatively unexplored area of chemistry. v CONTENTS List of Authors. ix Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Micelles. 1 Norbert Muller Micellar Catalysis for Carbonium Ion Reactions ------. 25 Jan Baumrucker, Maritza Ca1zadi11a, and E. H. Cordes Micellar Effects in Steady-State Radiation Induced Reac t ions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 . . . . . . . . . . . J. H. Fendler, G. W. Bogan, E. J. Fendler, G. A. Infante, and P. Jirathana Electrolyte Effects on Micellar Catalysis -.---------. 73 C. A. Bunton Micellar Control of the Nitrous Acid Deamination Reaction ---------------------------------------- 99 Robert A. Moss, Charles J. Ta1kowski, David W. 172 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Primarily, the aim of this book is to provide a reference work for senior students and research workers engaged in the synthetic aspects of chemistry. The various classes of compounds under discussion provide useful interme diates for the synthesis of numerous nitrogen-containing derivatives. Imidoyl halides are also intermediates in several classical name reactions, such as the Gattermann, Houben-Hoesch, and Vilsmeier-Haack syntheses of aldehydes and ketones, the Beckmann rearrangement, and the v. Braun degradation. Some imidoyl halides have shown interesting agricultural activities, and the generation of highly reactive species (ketenimines, nitrile oxides, nitrile imides, carbodiimides, etc.) from imidoyl halides has contributed to the study of polar cycloaddition reactions. To enable researchers to utilize this chemistry without consulting the original references, I have included a number of selected working examples. This procedure will facilitate the transformation of written information into well designed experiments, especially since part of the cited literature is not readily available. The book is organized around classes of imidoyl halides, with synthesis and chemistry discussed in an orderly fashion. The physical properties of the known imidoyl halides are listed in tables, and I have attempted to draw attention to the more recent literature. The one or two references provided for each compound represent those which best describe its physical constants and synthesis. 252 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Biomembranes are not only principal constituents of the cell but also a major site of biological activity. Studies on biomembranes are therefore, crucial for furthering our understanding of life processes. A special research project on biomembranes involving more than 100 in vestigators was conducted under a grant from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan between 1978 and 1981. This has resulted in marked progress on basic biomedical studies on biomembranes in Japan. This book is a compilation of several major developments made during this project in the field of 'Structure, Dynamics, and Biogenesis of Biomembranes. ' Developments in other fields constitute the contents of a companion volume, 'Transport and Bioenergetics in Biomembranes,' edited by Sato and Kagawa. In these two volumes the authors review recent advances which have been primarily made in their own labora tories and include relevant work carried out by other investigators. Eight topics are presented in this volume. Ikegami and coworkers review molecular dynamics in lipid bilayers, reconstituted membranes and biological membranes as studied by nanosecond fluorescence spec troscopy with an emphasis on the wobbling in the cone model. The fol lowing two chapters deal with virus-induced membrane fusions. Ohnishi and Maeda describe an assay method for envelope fusion using spin labeled phospholipids and report several characteristic results obtained by this method including low pH-induced fusion of influenza virus. 192 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This volume on intersensory perception and sensory integration is the second volume of the series, Perception and Perceptual Development: A Critical Review Series. The topic of the volume is timely, for in recent years, many investigators have noted that information about any natural event is obtained by a perceiver from a variety of sources. Such an observation immediately leads to the question of how this information is synthesized and organized. Of course, the implication that there are several discrete input channels that must be processed has come under immediate attack by researchers such as the Gibsons. They find it extremely artificial to regard natural information as being cut up and requiring cementing. Nevertheless, the possibility that during ontogene sis, perception involves the integration of separate information has attracted the attention of scholars concerned with both normal and abnormal development. In the case of normal development, a lively controversy has arisen between those who believe perceptual develop ment goes from integration toward differentiation and those who hold the opposite view. In the case of abnormal psychological development such as learning disabilities, many workers have suggested that percep tual integration is at fault. In thinking about the issues raised in this volume, we are particularly indebted to our former teachers and colleagues: Eleanor and James Gibson, T. A. Ryan, Robert B. MacLeod, and Jerome Bruner. We are pleased to acknowledge the secretarial help of Karen Weeks in the preparation of this volume. 440 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Pentachlorophenol and its salts are used as biocides. Although they are used mainly for preservation and treatment of wood, their antimicrobial, antifungal, herbicidal, insecticidal and molluscicidal properties led to a widespread application of PCP formulations. Bevenue and Beckman reviewed the literature up to 1967 on the chemistry, toxicology and environmental residues of PCP (Residue Rev. , 19: 83- 134, 1967). Significant advances in analytical methodology, recurrent incidents of mortalities of non-target organisms exposed to PCP, regulatory actions pertaining to PCP usage in countries such as Japan and Sweden, and detection of the ubiquitous distribution of PCP in the environment, added to the wealth of recent literature on pentachlorophenol. In spite of the usage of PCP as an antimicrobial agent in drilling and packer fluids during oil-drilling operations in the marine environment, little is known of the toxicity of PCP to marine and estuarine organisms. The purpose of this volume is to present up-to-date information (including a number of new studies on marine and estuarine organisms) on the chemistry, pharmacology and environmental toxicology of pentachlorophenol. This volume is a collection of papers presented at an international symposium sponsored by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and The University of West Florida, held at Pensacola Beach, Florida, June 27-29,1977. I am grateful to Norman L. 420 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -To spite a national trend toward renovation, restoration, and remodeling, construction products producers and their associations are not universally eager to publish recommendations for repairing or extending existing materials. There are two major reasons. First, there are several possible applications of most building materials; and there is an even larger number of different problems that can occur after products are installed in a building. Thus, it is difficult to produce recommendations that cover every eventuality. Second, it is not always in a building construction product producer's best interest to publish data that will help building owners repair their product. Producers, whose income derives from selling new products, do not necessarily applaud when their associations spend their money telling architects and building owners how to avoid buying their products. Finally, in the Building Renovation and Restoration Series we have a reference that recognizes that problems frequently occur with materials used in building projects. In this book and in the other books in this series, xiii xlv Saries Foreword Simmons goes beyond the promotional hyperbole found in most product literature and explains how to identify common problems. He then offers informed 'inside' recommendations on how to deal with each ofthe problems. Each chapter covers certain materials, or family of materials, in a way that can be understood by building owners and managers, as well as construction and design professionals. 384 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book is written for medical students and house officers working on the wards, in the intensive care unit, and in the emergency room. It is intended for use by all whose work involves the daily evaluation and management of medical emergencies. The material is a compilation of information gained from our personal experiences in clinical practice, from participation in professional meet ings and conferences, and from searching the medical literature. The introductory chapters in Part I form a foundation that is devel oped in the subsequent parts where specific topics are discussed. When possible, we have simplified complex approaches to diagnosis and man agement by formulating algorithms and handy reference tables. Since this is a handbook and not a textbook, we have limited our discussion of pathogenesis and pathophysiology in order to concentrate on practical aspects and specific details that are useful in the diagnosis and management of pulmonary emergencies. Our aim is to alert young physicians to common pulmonary emergencies and guide them through their initial management. 304 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The Calculation of Nucleon Cascades in Nuclei by the Monte-Carlo Method.- Beam Behavior in a Sector Cyclotron.- 1. Harmonic Analysis of the Magnetic Field.- 2. Determination of Equilibrium Orbits.- 3. Orbit Stability, Betatron Oscillations.- 4. Analysis of Vertical Motion.- 5. The Calculation of Trajectories for Ion Drift in an Inhomogeneous Magnetic Field.- Literature Cited.- Vassal (Automatic Memory Allocation System).- 1. Input Language for the Vassal Translator.- 2. Some Remarks on Programming in Vassal.- 3. Translator Operation.- 4. Rules for Pending Vassal Program.- Literature Cited.- Determination of Reactions Cross Sections from Counter-Telescope Data.- I. Relation Between the Output and the Cross Section.- 1. Formulation of Experiment. Definitions.- 2. Calculation of the Cross Section from the Output without Correction for Multiple Scattering.- 3. Multiple Scattering.- II. Calculation of the Output in the Case of the Compton Effect and the Photoproduction of Neutral Mesons on Hydrogen.- 1. Definitions and Additional Restrictions.- 2. Evaluation of the Multiple Integral.- 3. Analysis of the Output Integrand.- 4. Determination of the Range of Integration for the Entire Integrand.- III. Program for Calculations on the M-20 Computer.- 1. Description of Program.- 2. Program Checks.- 3. Conclusions.- Literature Cited.- Typical and Atypical Failures of the General-Purpose Computer M-20, Methods of Localization and Elimination.- I. Failure Detection from the Control Console.- 1. Tests and Test Problems.- 2. Fault Analysis in the Execution of Individual Instructions.- II. Failure Detection by Technical Means.- 1. Choice of Synchronization Method for the Localization of Intermittent Failures.- 2. Utilization of Auxiliary Circuits for the Localization of Transient Failures.- 3. Preventive Maintenance.- III. Typical Failures of the Basic Devices on M-20.- 1. Typical Failures of CM and Their Elimination.- 2. Typical Failures in Backup Storage (Magnetic Drums and Tapes) and Their Control Circuits.- 3. Typical Failures in the Arithmetic Unit.- 4. Control Unit and Its Typical Failures.- IV. Examples of Atypical Failures in M-20.- 1. Failures in CM.- 2. Failures in AU.- 3. Failures in CU.- 4. Failures in the Input-Output Devices.- V. Certain Questions of Improving the Machine During Its Exploitation.- 1. Reinforcement of Weak and Most Heavily Loaded Circuits and Suppression of Oscillations.- 2. Reduction of the Execution Time of Certain Operations.- 3. Other Changes in the Circuits of M-20.- Literature Cited.- Some Problems in Analyzing the Dynamic Structure of an Object from the Steady-State Signal.- 1. Inverse Analysis Problems.- 2. Statement of the Problem.- 3. Method of Obtaining the Dynamic Operator.- 4. Region of Application of Method.- 5. Comments.- Literature Cited. 136 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -As editor of the series 'Perspectives in Sexuality: Behavior, Research, and Therapy,' I consider it a major scholarly achievement to publish selected proceedings of the Second International Congress of Sexology. Never before have so many professional organizations supported such a conference or so many scholars, from so many coun tries, participated in such a conference. Eighteen countries were represented; over one hundred papers were presented. The Congress and these proceedings mark an historical mile stone for sexology in international scientific cooperation. The collaboration of so many researchers from diverse disciplines fur ther illuminates the interdisciplinary approach. The papers pre sented reflect the challenge accepted by scientists to compare varieties of techniques and programs, to develop new theories and creative approaches in their investigations, and to initiate sci entific study of heretofore taboo areas of inquiry. Clearly, sexology has come of age. It takes its place among the respected scientific disciplines. This monumental achievement, the Second International Congress of Sexology, signals the emer gence at the international level of Sexology as Science. Richard Green ix Preface The Second International Congress of Sexology was held in Montreal, Canada on October 28-31, 1976. Researchers of interna tional acclaim from eighteen countries presented progress reports in specialities as endocrinology, neurophysiology, infertility, contraception, sexual dysfunction, ethics in sex research and sex education. The Congress, whose theme was 'international progress in sexology,' had as its scientific objective a wide range of sub jects concerning the interdisciplinary study of sexology from many areas of the world. 636 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Despite the widespread use of psychophysiological concepts and meth ods in behavior therapy, there is no text devoted specifically to the subject. The publication of this book is necessary and timely, and should promote a better appreciation of the physiological roots of behavior therapy. The important connections between physiology and behavior thera py receive insufficient recognition nowadays, despite the fact that his torically one of the two main streams of behavior therapy grew out of a physiological basis. Wolpe's early work was closely connected to phys iology, and in contemporary behavior therapy, Lang's critical contribu tion is firmly based in psychophysiology. The physiological component is prominent in Lang's highly productive three-systems analysis of emo tion and in its application to psychological disorders. In addition, there are philosophical reasons for maintaining the close connection between behavior therapy and physiology. The existence of these connections, and their justification, can raise few objections, and it is therefore curious that a book on this significant subject has not appeared earlier. The importance of physiology for behavior therapy can be illus trated by considering the nature of a behavior therapy deprived of its physiological connections. It would survive, certainly, but as a rather scrawny, uninteresting orphan among many clamorous competitors. 260 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Contemporary society is in constant change. Transitions and crises occur in every life, regardless of status, ethnicity, sex, race, education, or religion. Yet, the traditional societal forms for helping with these transitions and crises are changing as well. The typical nuclear family has given way to single-parent, blended, or dual-career structures. Religious, health, educational, social service, philanthropic, and other organizational support systems have also changed from their pre-1950 counterparts. As these sometimes evolutionary, sometimes revolutionary, changes have occurred, considerable scholarship and empirical research has attempted to identify and develop methods of helping people encounter these transitions and crises. These efforts have come from various fields: psychology, sociology, anthropology, linguistics, law, social work, nurs ing, medicine, education, labor relations, and others. Each has brought its own theories, research methods, and practical experiences to bear on the problems. One of the methods that these fields have universally been intrigued with is the use of empathy. Empathy, that crucial but elusive pheno menon (so the literature has reported), has been identified as important in human interactions. Labor mediators, legal arbitrators, psychiatric psychoanalysts, encounter group facilitators, classroom instructors, and kindred helpers have been told that 'understanding how the other person or group is thinking and feeling' will help that person or group. The anxious parent and troubled spouse have been urged to 'understand the other's point of view.' Some writers have even argued that empathy is crucial to resolving international tensions and terrorist group violent actions. 240 pp. Englisch.