springer springer dez 1987 (195 risultati)

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The aim of this book is to comment on, and clarify, the mathematical aspects of the theory of thermodynamics. The standard presentations of the subject are often beset by a number of obscurities associated with the words 'state', 'reversible', 'irreversible', and 'quasi-static'. This book is written in the belief that such obscurities are best removed not by the formal axiomatization of thermodynamics, but by setting the theory in the wider context of a genuine field theory which incorporates the effects of heat conduction and intertia, and proving appropriate results about the governing differential equations of this field theory. Even in the simplest one-dimensional case it is a nontrivial task to carry through the details of this program, and many challenging problems remain open.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Phenomenology and analytic philosophy have skirmished often, but seldom in ways conducive to dialectical progress. Generally, the skirmishes seem more 'political' than philosophical, as when one side ridicules the methods of the other or criticizes the viability of the other's issues and assump tions. Analytic interest in third person objectivity is often spurned by Continental philosophers as being unduly abstract. Continental interest in first person subjectivity is often criticized by analysts as being muddled and imprecise. Logical analysis confronts the power of metaphor and judges it 'too ambiguous' for rigorous philosophical activity. The language of metaphor confronts the power of logical analysis and deems it 'too restric tive' for describing the nature and structures of authentic human exper ience. But are the two approaches really incompatible Perhaps because each side of the 'divide' has been working at problems largely uninteresting to the 'opposition' it has been easy to ignore or underestimate the importance of this issue. But now each side is being led into a common field of problems associated with the nature of mind, and there is a new urgency to the need for examining carefully the question of conceptual compatibility and the potential for dialogue. Analytic thinkers are typically in the business of concept clarification and objective certi fication. Continental philosophers employ introspection in the interest of a project of description and classification that aims to be true to the full subtlety and complexity of the human condition.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - A Computer Science Reader covers the entire field of computing, from its technological status through its social, economic and political significance. The book's clearly written selections represent the best of what has been published in the first three-and-a-half years of ABACUS , Springer-Verlag's internatioanl quarterly journal for computing professionals. Among the articles included are: - U.S. versus IBM: An Exercise in Futility by Robert P. Bigelow - Programmers: The Amateur vs. the Professional by Henry Ledgard - The Composer and the Computer by Lejaren Hiller - SDI: A Violation of Professional Responsibility by David L. Parnas - Who Invented the First Electronic Digital Computer by Nancy Stern - Foretelling the Future by Adaptive Modeling by Ian H. Witten and John G. Cleary - The Fifth Generation: Banzai or Pie-in-the-Sky by Eric A. Weiss This volume contains more than 30 contributions by outstanding and authoritative authors grouped into the magazine's regular categories: Editorials, Articles, Departments, Reports from Correspondents, and Features. A Computer Science Reader will be interesting and important to any computing professional or student who wants to know about the status, trends, and controversies in computer science today.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This is the third annual compendium of a Technical Session of the Physiology Working Group of the Society of American Foresters held at the National Convention. Specialists in a dedicated area of tree physiology were invited to prepare chapter contributions synthesizing the status of knowledge in their area of expertise. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) was selected as the topic for in-depth examination at the 1986 Technical Session because a knowledge of how these 'secondary messengers' regulate tree morphogenesis is vital to applications of biocontrol and biotechnology. Plant growth regulators have been the subject of numerous reviews in recent years. However, few have dealt specifically with woody perennials, and they are generally confined to single processes and/or organs. This volume attempts to provide a more comprehensive treatise of PGRs as they influence various ontogenetic events in forest trees. Reproductive physiology, both sexual and asexual, is emphasized because of its relevance to current efforts directed at increasing efficiency in the breeding and production of genetically improved trees for reforestation. The chapters on vegetative growth will be of interest to silviculturists and urban foresters as they consider cultural treatments in the management of forests and individual trees for specific products and purposes. This book should serve as a valuable text and source of reference for students, researchers and other professionals interested in gaining a better understanding of PGRs. The reader, however, who expects definitive answers to how PGRs function or can be used to control specific processes is likely to be disappointed.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - It has been widely recognized that artificial intelligence computations offer large potential for distributed and parallel processing. Unfortunately, not much is known about designing parallel AI algorithms and efficient, easy-to-use parallel computer architectures for AI applications. The field of parallel computation and computers for AI is in its infancy, but some significant ideas have appeared and initial practical experience has become available. The purpose of this book has been to collect in one volume contributions from several leading researchers and pioneers of AI that represent a sample of these ideas and experiences. This sample does not include all schools of thought nor contributions from all leading researchers, but it covers a relatively wide variety of views and topics and in this sense can be helpful in assessing the state ofthe art. We hope that the book will serve, at least, as a pointer to more specialized literature and that it will stimulate interest in the area of parallel AI processing. It has been a great pleasure and a privilege to cooperate with all contributors to this volume. They have my warmest thanks and gratitude. Mrs. Birgitta Knapp has assisted me in the editorial task and demonstrated a great deal of skill and patience. Janusz S. Kowalik vii INTRODUCTION Artificial intelligence (AI) computer programs can be very time-consuming.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Natural language dialogue is a continuous, unified phenomenon. Speakers use their conversational context to simplify individual utterances through a number of linguistic devices, including ellipsis and definite references. Yet most computational systems for using natural language treat individual utterances as separate entities, and have distinctly separate processes for handling ellipsis, definite references, and other dialogue phenomena. This book, a slightly revised version of the Ph. D. dissertation that I completed in December 1986, describes a different approach. It presents a computational system, Psli3, that uses the uniform framework of a production system architecture to carry out natural language understanding and generation in a well-integrated way. This is demonstrated primarily through intersentential ellipsis resolution, in addition to examples of definite reference resolution and interactive error correction. The system's conversational context arises naturally as the result of the persistence of the internal representations of previous utterances in working memory. Natural language input is interpreted within this framework using a modification of the syntactic technique of chart parsing, extended to include semantics, and adapted to the production system architecture. This technique, called semantic chart parsing, provides a graceful way of handling ambiguity within this architecture, and allows separate knowledge sources to interact smoothly across different utterances in a highly integrated fashion. xvi Integrated Natural Language Dialogue The design of this system demonstrates how flexible and natural user interactions can be carried out using a system with a naturally flexible control structure.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - In a few pages I would like to express and to justify my admiration for the exceptional book of Jeffrey Barash. His training as an his torian, complemented by that of the philosopher, has served him richly, not only in the discovery of rare texts and of unpublished correspondence but in the reconstruction of the philosophical landscape at the beginning of the century, and then in the period between the two wars. Standing out in the foreground of this land scape are the two mountains constituted by Sein und Zeit and Hei degger's work following the Kehre. This reconstruction by no means intends to establish 'influences' in the mediocre, mechanis tic sense, but rather subterranean continuities between Heidegger's work and his intellectual environment in order to enhance, by the effect of their contrast, the specific intelligibility of this work. In order to appreciate the consequences of continuity as well as of discontinuity, it was necessary to identify and to emphasize a touchstone-question, endowed with the quality of great per durability, and to summon before it all of the protagonists, in cluding Heidegger himself, in an intellectual combat dating back nearly a hundred years. Announced in the title of the work, this question concerns historical meaning. By this term the author wanted to designate the stubborn ques tion, most exactly approximated by the term coherence in its ap plication to history.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Probably more than any other element, iron markedly influences the chemical and physical properties of soils and sediments in the earth. Considering its transition metal status, with potential variation in electronic configuration, ionic radius, and magnetic moment, combined with its abundance and relatively large mass, little wonder that one sees its unique influence on every hand. Pre sentations at the NATO Advanced Study Institute (NATO AS!) on Iron in Soils and Clay Minerals reviewed and discussed the occurrence, behavior, and properties of Fe-bearing minerals found in soils and in the clay mineral groups kaolinite, smectite, and mica. Also discussed at the NATO AS! were the basic chemical properties of Fe, methods for separating and identifying Fe in minerals, and the role of Fe minerals in weathering and other soil-forming processes. The present publication is the reviewed and edited proceedings of that Advanced Study Institute. The sequence of chapters follows the general pattern beginning with introductory chapters which overview the general occurrence of Fe in the earth and its chemistry, both generally and in mineral environments, followed by identification and characterization methods for Fe and Fe phases in minerals. The properties and behavior of Fe oxides, Fe-bearing clay minerals, and other Fe minerals in soils are then described, and the text ends with a summary of the role of Fe in soil-forming processes. A Table of Contents and subject index are provided to assist the reader in finding specific topics within the text.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Invariants of complete intersections.- Computation of Dynkin diagrams.- Dynkin diagrams for some special singularities.- Milnor lattices and monodromy groups.- Monodromy groups of symmetric vanishing lattices. 168 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Contents: Invited Papers: H. Alt, T. Hagerup, K. Mehlhorn, F.P. Preparata: Deterministic simulation of idealized parallel computers on more realistic ones.- R. Dwyer, R. Kannan: Convex hull of randomly chosen points from a polytope.- J. Herath, T. Yuba, N. Saito: Dataflow computing.- E. Koerner, I. Tsuda, H. Shimizu: Parallel in sequence - Towards the architecture of an elementary cortical processor.- N.N. Mirenkov: Parallel algorithms and static analysis of parallel programs.- B. Monien, O. Vornberger: Parallel processing of combinatorial search.- Communications: A. Apostolico, C.S. Iliopoulos, R. Paige: An O(nlogn) cost parallel algorithms for the single function coarsest partition problem.- T. Asano, H. Umeo: Systolic algorithms for computing the visibility polygon and triangulation of a polygonal region.- L. Budach, E.G. Giessmann, H. Grassmann, B. Graw, C. Meinel: RELACS - A recursive layout computing system.- R. Creutzburg: Parallel linear conflict-free subtree access.- D. De Baer, J. Paredaens: A formal definition for systolic systems.- K. Diks: Parallel recognition of outerplanar graphs.- D. Ferment, B. Rozoy: Solutions for the distributed termination problem.- M. Gössel, B. Rebel: Memories for parallel subtree-access.- S. Matsui, Y. Kato, S. Teramura, T. Tanaka, N. Mohri, A. Maeda, M. Nakanishi: SYNAPSE: A multi-microprocessor Lisp machine with parallel garbage collector.- W. Rytter: A note on optimal parallel transformations of regular expressions to nondeterministic finite automata.- W. Rytter, R. Giancarlo: Optimal parallel parsing of bracket languages.- D. Uhlig: On reliable networks from unreliable gates.- I. Vrto: Area-time tradeoffs for selection.- F. Wächter: Optimization of special permutation networks using simple algebraic relations.- Invited Papers: C.D. Thomborson, L.L. Deneen, G.M. Shute: Computing a rectilinear Steiner minimal tree in n0(n) time.- C.K. Yap: What can be parallelized in computational geometry .- Communication: A. Konagaya, R. Nakazaki, M. Umemura: A co-operative programming environment for a back-end type sequential inference machine CHI. 212 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -These Proceedings of the first Chinese Conference on Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations covers topics such as difference methods, finite element methods, spectral methods, splitting methods, parallel algorithm etc., their theoretical foundation and applications to engineering. Numerical methods both for boundary value problems of elliptic equations and for initial-boundary value problems of evolution equations, such as hyperbolic systems and parabolic equations, are involved. The 16 papers of this volume present recent or new unpublished results and provide a good overview of current research being done in this field in China. 256 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Contents: M. Audin: Classes Caracteristiques Lagrangiennes.- A. Baker: Combinatorial and Arithmetic Identities Based on Formal Group Laws.- M.C. Crabb: On the Stable Splitting of U(n) and ÛU(n).- E. Dror Farjoun, A. Zabrodsky: The Homotopy Spectral Sequence for Equivariant Function Complexes.- W.G. Dwyer, G. Mislin: On the Homotopy Type of the Components of map\*(BS3, BS3).- W.G. Dwyer, H.R. Miller, C.W. Wilkerson: The Homotopy Uniqueness of BS3.- W.G. Dwyer, A. Zabrodsky: Maps Between Classifying Spaces.- B. Eckmann: Nilpotent Group Action and Euler Characteristic.- N.D. Gilbert: On the Fundamental Catn-Group of an n-Cube of Spaces.- H.H. Glover: Coloring Maps on Surfaces.- P. Goerss, L. Smith, S. Zarati: Sur les A-Algèbres Instables.- K.A. Hardie, K.H. Kamps: The Homotopy Category of Homotopy Factorizations.- L.J. Hernández: Proper Cohomologies and the Proper Classification Problem.- A. Kono, K. Ishitoya: Squaring Operations in Mod 2 Cohomology of Quotients of Compact Lie Groups by Maximal Tori.- J. Lannes; L. Schwartz: On the Structure of the U-Injectives.- S.A. Mitchell: The Bott Filtration of a Loop Group.- Z. Wojtkowiak: On Maps from Holim F to Z.- R.M.W. Wood: Splitting (CP x.xCP ) and the Action of Steenrod Squares Sqi on the Polynomial Ring F2 Äx1,.,xnÜ. 276 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book grew out of seminar held at the University of Paris 7 during the academic year 1985-86. The aim of the seminar was to give an exposition of the theory of the Metaplectic Representation (or Weil Representation) over a p-adic field. The book begins with the algebraic theory of symplectic and unitary spaces and a general presentation of metaplectic representations. It continues with exposés on the recent work of Kudla (Howe Conjecture and induction) and of Howe (proof of the conjecture in the unramified case, representations of low rank). These lecture notes contain several original results. The book assumes some background in geometry and arithmetic (symplectic forms, quadratic forms, reductive groups, etc.), and with the theory of reductive groups over a p-adic field. It is written for researchers in p-adic reductive groups, including number theorists with an interest in the role played by the Weil Representation and -series in the theory of automorphic forms. 180 pp. Französisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Nearly everyone agrees that life has changed in our technological society, whether the contrast is with earlier stages in Western culture or with non-Western cultures. 'Modernization' is just one of various terms that have been applied to the process by which we have arrived at the peculiar lifestyle typical of our age; whatever the term for the process, almost all analysts agree in finding technology to be one of its key ingredients. This is the judgment of critics of all sorts - anthropologists, historians, literary figures, sociologists, theologians. Volume 4 in the Philosophy and Technology series brings the perspectives of philosophers to bear on the issue of characterizing contemporary life, mainly in high-technology societies. Some of the philosophers look at the issue directly. Others focus on work life - or on the living arrangements that surround or condition or offer refuge from work life in technological society. Still others reflect on particular technologies, especially biotechnology and computer technology, that are increasingly affecting both work and family life. There is also a paper on the nature of thinking in technologi cal praxis, along with two papers on whether it is appropriate to export this sort of thinking to Third World countries, and another paper on the issue of responsibility in technology - which would have fit better in volume 3 of the series, entitled Technology and Responsibility (1987). Finally, volume 4 closes with a broad-ranging bibliography that takes work and technology as its focus. 332 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware 304 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This volume contains abridged versions of most of the sectional talks and some invited lectures given at the International Conference on Fundamentals of Computation Theory held at Kazan State University, Kazan, USSR, June 22-26, 1987. The conference was the sixth in the series of FCT Conferences organized every odd year, and the first one to take place in the USSR. FCT '87 was organized by the Section of Discrete Mathematics of the Academy of Sciences inthe USSR, the Moscow State University (Department of Discrete Mathematics), and the Kazan State University (Department of Theoretical Cybernetics). This volume contains selected contributions to the following fields: Mathematical Models of Computation, Synthesis and Complexity of Control Systems, Probabilistic Computations, Theory of Programming, Computer-Assisted Deduction. The volume reflects the fact that FCT '87 was organized in the USSR: A wide range of problems typical of research in Mathematical Cybernetics in the USSR is comprehensively represented. 524 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This volume collects papers dedicated toWalterNoll on his sixtieth birthday, January 7, 1985. They first appeared in Volumes 86-97 (1984-1987) of the Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis. At the request ofthe Editors the list of authors to be invited was drawn up by B.D. Coleman, M. Feinberg, and J. Serrin. WalterNoll's influence upon research into the foundations of mechanics and thermodynamics is plain, everywhere acknowledged. Less obvious is the wide effect his writings have exerted upon those who apply mechanics to special problems, but it is witnessed by the now frequent use of terms, concepts, and styles of argument he introduced, use sometimes by young engineers who have learnt them in some recent textbook and hence take them for granted, oftenwith no idea whence they come. Examples are 'objectivity', 'material frame indifference', 'constitutive equation', 'reduced form' of the last-named, 'sim plematerial', 'simplesolid', 'simplefluid', 'isotropygroup',andtheassociated notations and lines of reasoning. 552 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The world abounds with introductory texts on ordinary differential equations and rightly so in view of the large number of students taking a course in this subject. However, for some time now there is a growing need for a junior-senior level book on the more advanced topics of differential equations. In fact the number of engineering and science students requiring a second course in these topics has been increasing. This book is an outgrowth of such courses taught by us in the last ten years at Worcester Polytechnic Institute. The book attempts to blend mathematical theory with nontrivial applications from varipus disciplines. It does not contain lengthy proofs of mathemati~al theorems as this would be inappropriate for its intended audience. Nevertheless, in each case we motivated these theorems and their practical use through examples and in some cases an 'intuitive proof' is included. In view of this approach the book could be used also by aspiring mathematicians who wish to obtain an overview of the more advanced aspects of differential equations and an insight into some of its applications. We have included a wide range of topics in order to afford the instructor the flexibility in designing such a course according to the needs of the students. Therefore, this book contains more than enough material for a one semester course. 456 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Clinical Disorders of Membrane Transport Processes is a softcover book containing a portion of Physiology of Membrane Disorders (Second Edition). The parent volume contains six major sections that deal with general aspects of the physiology of transport processes and specific aspects of transport processes in cells and in organized cellular systems, namely epithelia. This text contains the last section, which deals with the application of the physiology of transport processes to the understanding of clinical disorders. We hope that this smaller volume will be helpful to individuals particularly interested in clinical derangements of membrane transport processes. THOMAS E. ANDREOLI JOSEPH F. HOFFMAN DARRELL D. FANESTIL STANLEY G. SCHULTZ Vll Preface to the Second Edition The second edition of Physiology of Membrane Disorders represents an extensive revision and a considerable expansion of the fIrst edition. Yet the purpose of the second edition is identical to that of its predecessor, namely, to provide a rational analysis of membrane transport processes in individual membranes, cells, tissues, and organs, which in tum serves as a frame of reference for rationalizing disorders in which derangements of membrane transport processes playa cardinal role in the clinical expression of disease. As in the fIrst edition, this book is divided into a number of individual, but closely related, sections. Part V represents a new section where the problem of transport across epithelia is treated in some detail. Finally, Part VI, which analyzes clinical derangements, has been enlarged appreciably. 296 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This volume contains the proceedings of the First European Software Engineering Conference, held at Strasbourg on September 9-11, 1987. The purpose of ESEC 87 was to provide a European forum for the interchange of ideas, and presentations of the current state of research and development in software engineering. The conference had over 400 participants, and papers were presented from all over Europe, Japan and North America. The book brings together the latest information on software engineering. Not only are working systems described but the latest research topics are also covered. The book will be of interest to all computer professionals as a rapid means of obtaining the state-of-the-art in the subject. The content will be of interest to practitioners and researchers alike. The papers are grouped into topics for easy reference and the whole of software engineering is covered. In particular the book contains much information on the important new topics of support environments. The reader will not only gain a knowledge of the subject but will also find which organisations and institutes are working in particular areas. The reader willgain both industrial and academic perspectives on the subject. 420 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -'I do not think at all that I am able to present here any procedure of investiga tion that was not perceived long ago by all men of talent; and I do not promise at all that you can find here anything_ quite new of this kind. But I shall take pains to state in clear words the pules and ways of investigation which are followed by ahle men, who in most cases are not even conscious of foZlow ing them. Although I am free from illusion that I shall fully succeed even in doing this, I still hope that the little that is present here may please some people and have some application afterwards. ' Bernard Bolzano (Wissenschaftslehre, 1929) The following book results from aseries of lectures on the mathematical theory of turbulence delivered by the author at the Purdue University School of Aeronautics and Astronautics during the past several years, and represents, in fact, a comprehensive account of the author's work with his graduate students in this field. It was my aim in writing this book to give to engineers and scientists a mathematical feeling for a subject, which because of its nonlinear character has resisted mathematical analysis for many years. On account vii i of its refractory nature this subject was categorized as one of seven 'elementary catastrophes'. The material presented here is designed for a first graduate course in turbulence. The complete course has been taught in one semester. 524 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This is a systematic exposition of the basic part of the theory of mea sure and integration. The book is intended to be a usable text for students with no previous knowledge of measure theory or Lebesgue integration, but it is also intended to include the results most com monly used in functional analysis. Our two intentions are some what conflicting, and we have attempted a resolution as follows. The main body of the text requires only a first course in analysis as background. It is a study of abstract measures and integrals, and comprises a reasonably complete account of Borel measures and in tegration for R Each chapter is generally followed by one or more supplements. These, comprising over a third of the book, require some what more mathematical background and maturity than the body of the text (in particular, some knowledge of general topology is assumed) and the presentation is a little more brisk and informal. The material presented includes the theory of Borel measures and integration for ~n, the general theory of integration for locally compact Hausdorff spaces, and the first dozen results about invariant measures for groups. Most of the results expounded here are conventional in general character, if not in detail, but the methods are less so. The following brief overview may clarify this assertion. 164 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This series will include monographs and collections of studies devoted to the investigation and exploration of knowledge, information and data-processing systems of all kinds, no matter whether human, (other) animal or machine. Its scope is intended to span the full range of interests from classical problems in the philosophy of mind and philosophical psychology through issues in cognitive psychology and sociobiology (concerning the mental capabilities of other species) to ideas related to artificial intelligence and to computer science. While primary emphasis will be placed upon theoretical, conceptual and epistemological aspects of these problems and domains, empirical, experimental and methodological studies will also appear from time to time. The present volume illustrates the approach represented by this series. It addresses fundamental questions lying at the heart of artificial intelligence, including those of the relative virtues of computational and of non-computational conceptions of language and of mind, whether AI should be envisioned as a philosophical or as a scientific discipline, the theoretical character of patterns of inference and modes of argumenta tion (especially, defeasible and inductive reasoning), and the relations that may obtain between AI and epistemology. Alternative positions are developed in detail and subjected to vigorous debate in the justifiable expectation that - here as elsewhere - critical inquiry provides the most promising path to discovering the truth about ourselves and the world around us. lH.F. 400 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Characteristic examples of evaporite basins, mostly of moderate size, are discussed in terms of type (playas, continental sabkhas, barred basins), deposits, fossils, relics and pseudomorphs of gypsum found, and complex of diagenesis, e.g. in the Red Sea Miocene where reef complexes predate the deposition of massive evaporites. Two models, the sabkha model and the deep desiccation basin model, are both employed to explain the formation of evaporite basins . In many cases both models must be combined as many evaporites were formed in subaqueous environments. 200 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book proposes an approach to analyzing, designing and implementing Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS). The experience gained in developing a concrete system, Co-oP, suggests that GDSS should be distributed, loosely-coupled and process-driven. A distributed and loosely-coupled GDSS architecture provides autonomy and flexibility for individual decision-making, and homogeneity and simplicity for group problem solving. Also, process-driven GDSS are able to deal with the unpredictable nature of group problems since collective decision processes have been shown to be the only elements in a GDSS that are (i) stable enough to fit into most collective problems, (ii) reasonably structurable to be implementable, and (iii) sufficiently controllable to guarantee appropriate use. From a Multiple Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) viewpoint, this book supports the integrated use of various MCDM methods to help a GDSS (i) support a wide range of decision situations, (ii) attenuate the difficulty of information search, (iii) allow division of decision-making tasks, and (iv) permit consensus seeking analysis. Co-oP runs on a network of individual workstations. It contains a set of MCDM methods, techniques of aggregation of preferences, and a consensus seeking algorithm to support negotiation. Electronic communication among group members is monitored by a group norm filter which is adaptable to a large number of collective decision situations. This book also reports some empirical evaluations of Co-oP and expands the proposed approach to non-cooperation and organizational decision-making. 268 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -During the past years, elliposometry, a non-destructive and contact-less optical surface analysis technique, has gained increased importance in industrial areas, such as the technology of electronic devices, when simple instruments, many of them computer-controlled and automated, became available. The potential users of such instruments are, however, frequently aware neither of the inherent possibilities of this technique, nor of its accuracy limitations. This book endeavors to point out some of the less obvious features and possibilities of ellipsometry, particularly of dynamic 'in situ' measurements, and reviews its applications in research and manufacturing of semiconductor and thin film devices. A comprehensive discussion of various error effects typical particularly for simple ellipsometers and of their impact on measured sample parameters is provided. Error correction or (numerical) calibration procedures are given wherever possible, and design and operation guidelines for high-speed instruments suitable for dynamic 'in situ' measurements are suggested. 116 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Starting with a historical introduction to the study of magnetism - one of the oldest sciences known to man - before considering the most modern theories and observations (magnetic bubbles and soap films, effects of magnetic impurities in metals and spin glasses), this book develops the concepts and the mathematical expertise necessary to understand contemporary research in this field. Magnetic systems are important in technology and applied science, but they are also prototypes of more complex mathematical structures of great importance to theoretical physics. These connections are made repeatedly in this volume. After development of the necessary quantum theory of angular momentum and of interacting electron systems, a number of models which have been successful in the interpretation of experimental results are introduced: the Ising model, the Heisenberg model, the Stoner theory, the Kondo phenomenon, and so on. In the second edition the thorough approach and the main features which made the first edition a popular text have been retained. All important theories are worked out in detail using methods and notation that are uniform throughout. Footnotes and an extensive bibliography provide a guide to the original literature. A number of problems test the reader's skill. 320 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book was written as a first treatment of statistical com munication theory and communication systems at a senior graduate level. The only formal prerequisite is a knowledge of ele mentary calculus; however, some familiarity with linear systems and transform theory will be helpful. Chapter 1 is introductory and contains no substantial techni cal material. Chapter 2 is an elementary introduction to probability theory at a nonrigorous and non abstract level. It is essential to the remainder of the book but may be skipped (or reviewed has tily) by any student who has taken a one-semester undergraduate course in probability. Chapter 3 is a brief treatment of random processes and spec tral analysis. It includes an introduction to shot noise (Sections 3.14-3.17) which is not subsequently used explicitly. Chapter 4 considers linear systems with random inputs. It includes a considerable amount of material on narrow-band sys tems and on the representation of random processes. Chapter5 treats the matched filter and the linear least mean-squared-error filter at an elementary level but in some detail. Numerous examples are provided throughout the book. Many of these are of an elementary nature and are intended merely to illustrate textual material. A reasonable number of problems of varying difficulty are provided. Instructors who adopt the text for classroom use may obtain a Solutions Manual for most of the problems by writing to the author. 364 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This series will include monographs and collections of studies devoted to the investigation and exploration of knowledge, information and data-processing systems of all kinds, no matter whether human, (other) animal or machine. Its scope is intended to span the full range of interests from classical problems in the philosophy of mind and philosophical psychology through issues in cognitive psychology and sociobiology (concerning the mental capabilities of other species) to ideas related to artificial intelligence and to computer science. While primary emphasis will be placed upon theoretical, conceptual and epistemological aspects of these problems and domains, empirical, experimental and methodological studies will also appear from time to time. The present volume illustrates the approach represented by this series. It addresses fundamental questions lying at the heart of artificial intelligence, including those of the relative virtues of computational and of non-computational conceptions of language and of mind, whether AI should be envisioned as a philosophical or as a scientific discipline, the theoretical character of patterns of inference and modes of argumenta tion (especially, defeasible and inductive reasoning), and the relations that may obtain between AI and epistemology. Alternative positions are developed in detail and subjected to vigorous debate in the justifiable expectation that - here as elsewhere - critical inquiry provides the most promising path to discovering the truth about ourselves and the world around us. lH.F. 404 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -Invariants of complete intersections.- Computation of Dynkin diagrams.- Dynkin diagrams for some special singularities.- Milnor lattices and monodromy groups.- Monodromy groups of symmetric vanishing lattices.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 168 pp. Englisch.