springer springer sep 1998 (354 risultati)

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This book presents a new methodological analysis of the two competing research paradigms of artificial intelligence and cognitive science: the symbolic versus the connectionist paradigm. It argues that much of the discussion put forward for either paradigm misses the point: Most of the arguments in the debates on the two paradigms concentrate on the question whether the nature of intelligence or cognition is properly accommodated by one or the other paradigm. Opposed to that is the analysis in this book, which concentrates on the question which of the paradigms accommodates the 'user' of a developed theory or technique. The user may be an engineer or a scientist - in any case, the 'user' has to be able to grasp the theory and to competently use the methods which are developed. Consequently, besides the nature of intelligence and cognition, the 'user' must be the focus of the debate on the proper paradigm. From the relationship between the mental capacities of the 'user' and certain aspects of the nature of intelligence and cognition, the book derives new objectives for future research which will help to integrate aspects of both paradigms to obtain more powerful AI techniques and to promote a deeper understanding of cognition. . The book presents the fundamental ideas of both, the symbolic as well as the connectionist paradigm. Along with an introduction to the philosophical foundations, an exposition of some of the typical techniques of each paradigm is presented in the first two parts. This is followed by the mentioned analysis of the two paradigms in the third part. The book is intended for researchers, practitioners, advanced students, and interested observers of the developing fields of artificial intelligence and cognitive science. Providing accessible introductions to the basic ideas of both paradigms, it is also suitable as a textbook for a subject on the topic at an advanced level in computer science, philosophy, cognitive science, or psychology.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This book contains the papers presented at the 5th International Conference on Object-Oriented Information Systems - OOIS '98, which is to be held at the University de La Sorbonne, Paris, France, 9-11 September 1998. The papers published in this volume outline recent research in object-oriented concepts and principles, object-oriented methods and tools, as well as reports on industrial projects from both researchers and practitioners in the field. The conference especially highlighted areas of significant interest to industry, which provide innovative directions for the development of next generation systems such as: - coping with legacy systems; transition to object technology; lessons learned from large scale projects using objects; object relational design.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - 'Seitz Presents a sophisticated, balanced, and practical analysis of the relationship between science and society with a verbal parsimony that some. might well emulate. Both scientists and literate nonscientists will find this book an easy read that is informative, and intellectually stimulating on a subject that all of us should be thinking about.' Interdisciplinary Science Reviews'The book is recommended for all considering a career in the natural sciences as well as for their mentors. It should be required reading for policy makers in science, both academic and governmental. Laymen with an interest in science will enjoy and benefit from this concise and readable history of science' American Scientist.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Since the US stock market crashed on October 19, 1987, many studies have been conducted to learn from this experience in the hopes of avoiding a similarly adverse future fall. The book, originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Financial Services Research, considers some of the important policy adjustments that have been implemented in the wake of the 1987 crash. Taken separately and together, these five papers offer a synthesis and summary of the most important policy innovations that have evolved since the largest single-day decline in stock market history.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - I. On Science.- 1. Some remarks on the philosophy of science.- 2. Information and decision-making as tools of philosophy of science.- 3. Method and creativity in science.- 4. Sociology and models of rational behaviour.- 5. Mathematical models and social facts.- 6. Science as a search for information.- II. On Inference.- 7. Inference or behaviour .- 8. A note on confirmation of statistical hypotheses.- 9. On some basic patterns of statistical inference.- 10. A method of deciding between N statistical hypotheses.- 11. A pragmatic justification of rules of statistical inference.- 12. On sequential inference.- 13. Interpretations of the maximum likelihood principle.- III. On Information and Decision Making.- 14. Some remarks concerning the criterion of rational decision-making.- 15. The concept of distribution of goods.- 16. The value of perfect information.- 17. Questions and their pragmatic value.- 18. Two concepts of information.- 19. Types of information and their role in the methodology of science.- 20. Information in decision-making. Some logical aspects.- 21. Decision-making and future research. Some theoretical problems.- 22. On formal aspects of distributive justice.- 23. Philosophy and decision-making.- 24. The concept of unreliable information.- 25. On defining information.- 26. Rationality as a value.- Index of Names.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Intrinsic features of the optical near field open a new frontier in optical science and technology by finally overcoming the diffraction limit to reach nanometric dimensions. But this book goes beyond near-field optical microscopy to cover local spectroscopy, nanoscale optical processing and storage, quantum near-field optics, and atom manipulation. Near-Field Nano/Atom Optics and Technology provides the first complete and systematically compiled account of the science and technology required to generate the near field, and features applications including imaging of biological specimens and diagnostics for semiconductor nanomaterials and devices. This monograph will be invaluable to researchers who want to implement near-field technology in their own work, and it can also be used as a textbook for graduate or undergraduate students.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The subject of this book is predictive modular neural networks and their ap plication to time series problems: classification, prediction and identification. The intended audience is researchers and graduate students in the fields of neural networks, computer science, statistical pattern recognition, statistics, control theory and econometrics. Biologists, neurophysiologists and medical engineers may also find this book interesting. In the last decade the neural networks community has shown intense interest in both modular methods and time series problems. Similar interest has been expressed for many years in other fields as well, most notably in statistics, control theory, econometrics etc. There is a considerable overlap (not always recognized) of ideas and methods between these fields. Modular neural networks come by many other names, for instance multiple models, local models and mixtures of experts. The basic idea is to independently develop several 'subnetworks' (modules), which may perform the same or re lated tasks, and then use an 'appropriate' method for combining the outputs of the subnetworks. Some of the expected advantages of this approach (when compared with the use of 'lumped' or 'monolithic' networks) are: superior performance, reduced development time and greater flexibility. For instance, if a module is removed from the network and replaced by a new module (which may perform the same task more efficiently), it should not be necessary to retrain the aggregate network.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This is the first monograph on the theory of semidistributive modules and rings. It investigates such topics as the relationship between semidistributive modules and flat, projective, injective, multiplication, as well as Bezout modules. The volume concludes with an extensive bibliography.Audience: This work can be recommended as an introduction to structural and homological ring theory, and will prove useful for postgraduates and researchers specialising in algebra.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - There is an interesting and far-reaching disagreement between Smith and Frederick Stoutland. In his 'The Real Reasons' Stoutland argues that one of the mistakes that turned the belief-desire model of action into the 'received view' is the underlying commitment to the idea that there is an underlying unity to all action explanations. According to Stoutland the unity is no deeper than the superficial fact that actions are responses of agents to the world, and the challenge for the philosophy of action is to make sense of that fact without falling victim to the un fruitful assumption that reasons should be understood as the normative content of determinate representational inner states of agents. Stoutland suggests an alternative according to which reasonable agents possess the know how to respond appropriately to the normative import of the external situations they find themselves in. These situations are, Stout land claims, the real reasons. Stoutland raises an important issue. If beliefs and desires should be understood as reasons, as introducing normative constraints that de serve respect, it seems we are bound to distinguish between on the one hand the content of our beliefs and desires and on the other hand their objects. Moreover, it seems we have good reasons to believe that the content of our beliefs and desires derives its normative import qua normative import from the objects of our beliefs and desires.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Designing Effective and Usable Multimedia Systems presents research and development and industrial experience of usability engineering for multimedia user interfaces. The book discusses the methods, tools and guidelines for multimedia use and implementation and covers the following topics in detail: Design methods for multimedia (MM) systems; Social and cognitive models for MM interaction; Empirical studies of the effects of MM on learning and behavior; Design and prototyping support tools; Intelligent MM Systems and Design support; Usability evaluation. £/LIST£ Designing Effective and Usable Multimedia Systems contains the proceedings of the International Working Conference on Designing Effective and usable Multimedia Systems, sponsored by the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP), held in Stuttgart, Germany, in September 1998. It is essential reading for computer scientists, software developers, information systems managers and human scientists, especially those working in the applied disciplines such as human factors and interface design.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Currently blood is a volatile issue. The safety of blood and the quantification of transfusion risks have been dominant themes that have stimulated the development of alternative approaches in this rapidly developing area. In clinical medicine conventional blood and its components are used in supportive therapies dependent on the choice of apparent uncritical trigger factors. A compounding factor is depth of prospective clinical trials for evidence. Such trials in critical care areas would be of enormous value, not only in recording adverse effects and under-transfusion, but also indicating the value of decision analysis and cost-effectiveness in transfusion practice. Alternative approaches include the use of cytokines, growth factors, humanised monoclonal antibodies, recombinant plasma factors, and buffy coat derived natural human interferons. These are being increasingly implemented in the clinic. Solutions for oxygen transport are being developed and fibrinogen coated microcapsules are being investigated for thrombocytopenia. In surgical patients, various crystalloid and colloid combinations are explored as volume replacements. To avoid allogeneic transfusions, beneficial blood saving methods include various strategies, such as autologous deposits, normovolemic haemodilution and various agents including aprotinin, tranecamic acid, desmopressin and erythropoietin, but their use in hospital shows considerable variations. That umbilical cord blood could be a significant source of allogeneic stem cells in related and unrelated transplantation is illustrated by the increasing number of cord blood banks in Europe and elsewhere. Future blood resources are likely to face several challenges: immediate challenges relate to increased regulatory and political oversights; intermediate solutions would offer some improvements in public health and alleviate public fear but probably not address the economic challenges thrust upon the medical care system. As we approach the year 2000, the major concerns about transfusion medicine remain its logistics, safety and effectiveness. This theme is presented in the proceedings of the 22nd International Symposium on Blood Transfusion, developed in 21 up-to-date topics, collected and discussed in four sections. This book will be of timely value to students, professionals and all others interested or involved in the field of transfusion medicine, whether clinical or related.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The aim of Stability of Finite and Infinite Dimensional Systems is to provide new tools for specialists in control system theory, stability theory of ordinary and partial differential equations, and differential-delay equations. Stability of Finite and Infinite Dimensional Systems is the first book that gives a systematic exposition of the approach to stability analysis which is based on estimates for matrix-valued and operator-valued functions, allowing us to investigate various classes of finite and infinite dimensional systems from the unified viewpoint. This book contains solutions to the problems connected with the Aizerman and generalized Aizerman conjectures and presents fundamental results by A. Yu. Levin for the stability of nonautonomous systems having variable real characteristic roots. Stability of Finite and Infinite Dimensional Systems is intended not only for specialists in stability theory, but for anyone interested in various applications who has had at least a first-year graduate-level course in analysis.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This book is the result of a three day workshop on 'Evaluation in theory and practice in spatial planning' held in Ramsey Hall, University College London, in September 1996. Some 30 people from 8 different countries attended and 20 papers were presented. The majority of them now form the basis for this book. This occasion was the third on the topic, the two preceding having taken place in Umea in June 1992 and in Bari in 1994. Following these three meetings, we can now say that this small, industrious, international family really enjoy meeting up from time to time at each others places, in the presence of older members and new children, each one presenting his/her own recent experiences. It particularly enjoys exchanging views and arguing about the current state and the future of evaluation in spatial planning (all families have their vices . ). It is also pleasing to see these experiences and discussions resulting in a book for those who could not attend and for the broader clan inthe field. Not long time ago, but ages in the accelerated academic time scale, evaluation in planning established its own role and distinct features as an instrument for helping the decision-making process. Now this role and these features are exposed to major challenges. First, the evolution of planning theory has lead to the conception of new planning paradigms, based on theories of complexity and communicative rationality.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - A unique combination of the basic science and fundamental aspects of joints and interfaces with the engineering aspects of the subject. Contributors include researchers drawn from several Eastern European countries. Topics addressed include processing, interfacial reactions, graded joints, residual stress measurement and analysis, and failure and deformation. Audience: Academic and industrial researchers and ceramic manufacturers interested in understanding the current state of the art in joining.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - These proceedings deal with the relationship between species composition of freshwater phytoplankton and the trophic gradient. Particular regard is paid to the composite question, what lives where and why Overview papers report the state of the art and suggest that the trophic spectrum appears to be a probabilistic outcome of several dimensions of variability that impinge upon phytoplankton species selection. Studies on community structure span all latitudes from those of Antarctica to equatorial Brazil, and also include reports on light and nutrient gradients, pH and fish-stock effects on species composition. Seasonal and longterm phytoplankton dynamics in lakes of varying trophic status are also considered. Finally, studies on the taxonomy and autoecology of some groups (e.g. Volvocales, Chrysophytes and Euglenophytes) living at the extremes of the trophic spectrum contribute to our knowledge of this usually neglected phytoplankton. This is the first time that a book covers such a topic, and it will prove an excellent source of information to anyone working on phytoplankton ecology and ecological indicators. Limnologists in general, algologists and the technical staff at water authorities will all benefit by reading this book.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Soils and Foundations for Architects and Engineers, Second Edition is a practical guide to the technology of soil mechanics and foundations, and the application of that technology to the design and construction process. This text provides an up-to-date overview of the classification of soils, the design of foundations, and the behavior of soils under load. Particular emphasis has been given to the subject of piles, piers, and caissons, and to the design and details of construction of basement and retaining walls. New to this edition: Expanded coverage of shear strength of soils, settlement analysis, and expansive soil. Design requirements for prestressed tiebacks, tiedowns, and rock anchors. Expansion of information on pile driving techniques including the use of the Engineering News Formula. A table of British-metric conversions. Many new solved problems and illustrations. In addition to the numerous new improvements, the author also includes: effects of high water tables on architectural and engineering considerations, design of shear keys used in the transfer of lateral earth pressure from a wall to the supporting element, various drainage alternatives to the structural treatment of adjacent footings, and much more. Soils and Foundations for Architects and Engineers, Second Edition can be used in advanced undergraduate and graduate level courses offered in architectural engineering and civil engineering, as well as be used as a reference book by practicing architects, insurance adjusters and attorneys who litigate or adjudicate claims involving soils and foundations.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Micro-TAS '98 is the third of a series of symposia initiated by MBSA (University of Twente) in 1994, on the subject of miniaturizing, and integrating within a monolithic structure, the chemical, biochemical and biological procedures commonly used for analysis and synthesis. The primary tool used to develop micro-total analysis systems (mu- TAS) has been micro-photolithographic patterning and micromachining. These powerful tools of Micro System Technology (MST or MEMS) have been applied in highly imaginative ways to develop microchip chemical arrays, fully integrated pump and fluid manifolds, and electrokinetically driven micro-channel systems to be used for genetic analysis, clinical diagnostics and environmental monitoring, and to integrate reactions as diverse as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the large volume, partial oxidation of ammonia. This text illustrates the rapid expansion of the field, the extensive industrial involvement, the increasing number of participating researchers, the expanding range of concepts and applications that utilize MST and microfluidic devices, and new MST-compatible plastic micro-machining to meet the needs of the life science community. This volume contains the proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Micro-Total Analysis Systems, mu-TAS '98, held on October 13-16 in Banff, Alberta, Canada. State-of-the-art invited and contributed papers presented by the world's leading mu- TAS research groups provide a highly informative picture of the growth since 1994 and of the promising future of this exciting and rapidly growing field.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Medical Image Databases covers the new technologies of biomedical imaging databases and their applications in clinical services, education, and research. Authors were selected because they are doing cutting-edge basic or technology work in relevant areas. This was done to infuse each chapter with ideas from people actively investigating and developing medical image databases rather than simply review the existing literature. The authors have analyzed the literature and have expanded on their own research. They have also addressed several common threads within their generic topics. These include system architecture, standards, information retrieval, data modeling, image visualizations, query languages, telematics, data mining, and decision supports. The new ideas and results reported in this volume suggest new and better ways to develop imaging databases and possibly lead us to the next information infrastructure in biomedicine. Medical Image Databases is suitable as a textbook for a graduate-level course on biomedical imaging or medical image databases, and as a reference for researchers and practitioners in industry.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This book represents the fourth ina series of international conferences related to Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PO) diseases. The first one took place in EHat, Israel in 1985; the second in Kyoto, Japan, in 1989; and the third in Chicago, IL, USA in 1993. This book incorporates the proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Pro gress in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases, held in EHat, Israel, on May 18-23, 1997. This Conference was the 41st in the series of annual OHOLO Conferences sponsored by the Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR). It was also conducted under the aus pices of the Alzheimer's Association Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute, USA. The Conference was attended by 550 participants from 28 countries, representing a broad spectrum of research interests; and included a well-balanced representation from aca demia, clinical institutions and pharmaceutical industry. The four-and-one-half day meeting served as an excellent medium for surveying the current preclinical and clinical develop ments in AD, PO, and other related disorders. The scientific program was divided into 24 oral sessions and daily poster sessions. The conference culminated in a round table discus sion. There were 122 talks and 161 posters. This book incorporates a combination of both.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - An expert exposition of the structural and mechanical properties of light alloys and composites, bridging the gap between scientists and industrial engineers in its consideration of advanced light materials, their structure, properties, technology and application. Includes basic problems of alloy constitution and phase transformations. The aluminium alloys are the main topic of the book, consideration being given to their properties, casting technology, thermomechanical treatment and structure. Attention is also given to the magnesium alloys, particularly those having rare earth metal constituents. Both commercial titanium alloys and intermetallic compounds are discussed, as are metallic composites. The latest engineering techniques are discussed in both theoretical and practical terms.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This text looks at subcellular chemistry, particularly at intermediate filaments. Topics include fish intermediate filament proteins in structure, evolution, and function, and lessons from keratin transgenic and knockout mice.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This is a book about mathematical modelling. It focuses on the modelling of the preparation of materials. Materials are important, of course, in an economic sense: the 'goods' of goods-and-services are made of materials. This provides a strong incentive to produce good materials and to improve existing materials. Mathematical modelling can help in this regard. Without a doubt, modelling a materials processing operation is not strictly necessary. Materials synthesis and fabrication processes certainly existed before the invention of mathematics and computers, and well before the combined use of mathematics and computers. Modelling can, however, be of assistance--if done properly--and if used properly. The mathematical modelling described in this book is, at its root, a rather formal, structured way of thinking about materials synthesis and fabrication processes. It requires looking at a process as a whole. It requires considering everything that is or might be important. It requires translating the details of a given physical process into one or more mathematical equations. It requires knowing how to simplify the equations without over-simplifying them.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The Black Sea ecosystem is a unique marine environment. Its isolation from the ocean and large catchment basin, covering industrial and rural parts of the European and Asian continents, render the Black Sea ecosystem extremely vulnerable to the imposed environmental burdens Complex scientific problems related to the recent evolution of the Black Sea ecosystem were tackled in the framework of the NATO TU BLACK SEA project `Ecosystem modelling as a management tool for the Black Sea', implemented between 1993 and 1997. The primary results and the products of the TU BLACK SEA project were presented to the scientific community at a dedicated symposium held on 15-19 June, 1997 at Zori Rossii on the Crimean coast of the Black Sea. The present two volumes contain 47 of the papers presented at the symposium, selected by peer review. Volume I contains 27 papers in all, two on the NATO TU Black SEA database and database management system, eight on the Black Sea biogeochemistry, and 17 on the biological structure of the basin. Of the 20 papers appearing in Volume II, nine are physical processes and 11 are on the modelling of the circulation and the ecosystems of the Black Sea.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The International Society of Root Research sponsored the Symposium 'Root Demographics and Their Efficiencies in Sustainable Agriculture, GrassLands and Forest Ecosystems,' July 14-18, 1996, at the Madren Conference Center, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA. The conference was a continuation of a series of international symposiums on root research held every three to four years. Symposiums have also been held twice in Vienna, Austria, and once in Uppsala, Sweden, and Almaty, Kazahkstan prior to the meeting at Clemson University. The sponsoring society has made a particular effort in these symposia to include root scientists from the former Soviet Union because of the importance of exchanging information on a worldwide basis. This symposium continued and promoted that effort by providing travel grants to several scientists from that region; however, funds for that purpose were limited. Therefore, in compiling these proceedings, a number of papers from scientists from the former Soviet Union and former Warsaw Pack countries have been included even though the scientists were not actually present for the SymPOSIum.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This book summarizes the state ofthe art research presented at the Fourth International Conference on Frontiers of Polymersand Advanced Materialsheld in Cairo, Egypt in January 4-9, 1997. This conference follows the successful conferences held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 1995, in Jakarta, Indonesia in 1993 andin New Delhi, India in 1991. These conferences focussed on the most recent and important advances in a wide range of carefully chosen subject areas dealing with advanced materials, their science and technology and new business opportunities resulting from recent technological advances. As its predecessors, the conference held in Cairo was truly international with strong participation of 488 deiegales representing 37 countries from the USA and Egypt, as weil as Europe, South East Asia, Japan, South Africa and the Middle East. The conference was organized by the Egyptian Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, The Arab Society ofMaterials Science and the State University ofNew Y ork at Butfalo. The stated goals ofthe conference were: - To highlight advances and new. findings in the general area of polymers and advanced materials. - - T o foster global collaboration between the USA, Egypt and other nations in the general field of polymers and advanced materials. - To promote the development of scientific ilifrastructure in this field among the different participating countries, especially in the Middle East. - To create a basisforfuture long-term scientific exchanges between the USA and Egypt, and/or other countries.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In March 1997, the Association for Computing Machinery will celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the electronic computer. To understand what an extraordinary fifty years the computer has had, you need only look around you--probably no farther than your desk. Computers are everywhere: in our cars, our homes, our supermarkets, at the phone company office, and at your local hospital. But as the contributors to this volume make clear, the scientific, social and economic impact of computers is only beginning to be felt. These sixteen invited essays on the future of computing take on a dazzling variety of topics, with opinions from such experts as Gordon Bell, Sherry Turkle, Edsger W. Dijkstra, Paul Abraham, Donald Norman, Franz Alt, and David Gelernter. This brilliantly eclectic collection, commissioned to celebrate a major milestone in an ongoing technological revolution, will fascinate anybody with an interest in computers and where they're taking us. 336 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book describes the representations of Lie superalgebras that are yielded by a graded version of Hudson-Parthasarathy quantum stochastic calculus. Quantum stochastic calculus and grading theory are given concise introductions, extending readership to mathematicians and physicists with a basic knowledge of algebra and infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. The develpment of an explicit formula for the chaotic expansion of a polynomial of quantum stochastic integrals is particularly interesting. The book aims to provide a self-contained exposition of what is known about Z_2-graded quantum stochastic calculus and to provide a framework for future research into this new and fertile area. 156 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Functionals involving both volume and surface energies have a number of applications ranging from Computer Vision to Fracture Mechanics. In order to tackle numerical and dynamical problems linked to such functionals many approximations by functionals defined on smooth functions have been proposed (using high-order singular perturbations, finite-difference or non-local energies, etc.) The purpose of this book is to present a global approach to these approximations using the theory of gamma-convergence and of special functions of bounded variation. The book is directed to PhD students and researchers in calculus of variations, interested in approximation problems with possible applications. 164 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The first part of this volume presents the basic ideas concerning perturbation and scaling methods in the mathematical theory of dilute gases, based on Boltzmann's integro-differential equation. It is of course impossible to cover the developments of this subject in less than one hundred pages. Already in 1912 none less than David Hilbert indicated how to obtain approximate solutions of the scaled Boltzmann equation in the form of a perturbation of a parameter inversely proportional to the gas density. His paper is also reprinted as Chapter XXII of his treatise Grundzuge einer allgemeinen Theorie der linearen Integralgleichungen. The motive for this circumstance is clearly stated in the preface to that book ('Recently I have added, to conclude, a new chapter on the kinetic theory of gases. [ . . . ]. I recognize in the theory of gases the most splendid application of the theorems concerning integral equations. ') The mathematically rigorous theory started, however, in 1933 with a paper [48] by Tage Gillis Torsten Carleman, who proved a theorem of global exis tence and uniqueness for a gas of hard spheres in the so-called space-homogeneous case. Many other results followed; those based on perturbation and scaling meth ods will be dealt with in some detail. Here, I cannot refrain from mentioning that, when Pierre-Louis Lions obtained the Fields medal (1994), the commenda tion quoted explicitly his work with the late Ronald DiPerna on the existence of solutions of the Boltzmann equation. 194 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -What is the past It is a time as well as a place. Acclaimed author Peter D. Ward describes the tools that contemporary scientists use to uncover facts about the past - terrain, climate, and the life forms that once inhabited this planet. Time Machines presents fascinating profiles of the deep past and the scientists who are making it come alive.'.for the general reader, Time Machines may be the most interesting book yet by the University of Washington prof.' -SEATTLE WEEKLY'For anyone interested in how and why as well as the what of paleontology, Time Machines is a must read.'-AMERICAN SCIENTIST 264 pp. Englisch.