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Editore: Springer US Sep 1990, 1990
ISBN 10: 0442005229ISBN 13: 9780442005221
Da: BuchWeltWeit Ludwig Meier e.K., Bergisch Gladbach, Germania
Libro Print on Demand
Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware 1424 pp. Englisch.
Editore: Springer US Sep 1990, 1990
ISBN 10: 0306434695ISBN 13: 9780306434693
Da: BuchWeltWeit Ludwig Meier e.K., Bergisch Gladbach, Germania
Libro Print on Demand
Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The introduction of communicative competence as the goal of second and for eign language teaching has led to recognition of the role of context in language learning and use. As communicative competence is defined by the social and cultural contexts in which it is used, no single communicative competence can serve as the goal and model for all learners. This recognition has had an impact on program design and materials development. One significant change is that the choice of a teaching method is no longer the primary concern. Instead, the first step for the program designer is becoming familiar with the social and cultural features of the context of the language being taught. This includes a consideration of the uses speakers make of the language, their reasons for using it, and their attitudes toward it. Contexts of Competence: Social and Cultural Considerations in Commu nicative Language Teaching explores the relationship between context and com petence from a theoretical and practical perspective. Its audience is applied linguists in general and language teaching practitioners in particular. The overall aim of its five chapters is to provide a framework for consideration of various contexts of language learning and use and to guide the implementation and development of models of communicative language teaching that are responsive to the context-specific needs of learners. 202 pp. Englisch.
Editore: Springer US Sep 1990, 1990
ISBN 10: 030643685XISBN 13: 9780306436857
Da: BuchWeltWeit Ludwig Meier e.K., Bergisch Gladbach, Germania
Libro Print on Demand
Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -During the past decade the theoretical physics community has learned how to evaluate accurately polarizabilities and susceptibilities for many-electron systems such as atoms, solids, and liquids. The most accurate numerical technique employs a method often called the Time-Dependent Local Density Approximation, which is abbreviated TDLDA. The present volume is a review of recent research on the theory of po larizabilities and susceptibilities. Both authors have been doing these cal culations. However, this review surveys the entire field, summarizing the research of many contributors. The application of an external field, either ac or de, will induce a dipole moment which can be calculated and compared with experiment. For mod erately strong fields, both linear and nonlinear processes contribute to the moment. We cover topics such as polarizability, hyperpolarizability, pho toionization, phonons, and piezoelectricity. Density functional theory in the Local Density Approximation (LDA) has been shown to be a very accurate method for calculating ground state prop erties of electronic system. For static external fields, the induced moments are properties of the ground state. Then the calculation of the polarizability is very accurate. For ac fields, the moment is not part of the ground state. However, the TDLDA methods are still very accurate. 276 pp. Englisch.
Editore: Springer US Sep 1990, 1990
ISBN 10: 0792390784ISBN 13: 9780792390787
Da: BuchWeltWeit Ludwig Meier e.K., Bergisch Gladbach, Germania
Libro Print on Demand
Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Computer vision is one of the most complex and computationally intensive problem. Like any other computationally intensive problems, parallel pro cessing has been suggested as an approach to solving the problems in com puter vision. Computer vision employs algorithms from a wide range of areas such as image and signal processing, advanced mathematics, graph theory, databases and artificial intelligence. Hence, not only are the comput ing requirements for solving vision problems tremendous but they also demand computers that are efficient to solve problems exhibiting vastly dif ferent characteristics. With recent advances in VLSI design technology, Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) massively parallel computers have been proposed and built. However, such architectures have been shown to be useful for solving a very limited subset of the problems in vision. Specifically, algorithms from low level vision that involve computations closely mimicking the architec ture and require simple control and computations are suitable for massively parallel SIMD computers. An Integrated Vision System (IVS) involves com putations from low to high level vision to be executed in a systematic fashion and repeatedly. The interaction between computations and information dependent nature of the computations suggests that architectural require ments for computer vision systems can not be satisfied by massively parallel SIMD computers. 180 pp. Englisch.
Editore: Springer US Sep 1990, 1990
ISBN 10: 0306434741ISBN 13: 9780306434747
Da: BuchWeltWeit Ludwig Meier e.K., Bergisch Gladbach, Germania
Libro Print on Demand
Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The recent discovery of high-temperature superconductivity has resulted in a remarkable growth in the amount of research and the number of researchers working in this exciting field. Superconductivity is not a new phenomenon: in 1991 it will be 80 years old. Even though it was the newer discoveries which motivated us to write this book, the book itself is mainly a description of the fundamentals of the phenomenon. The book is written for a very broad audience, including students, engin eers, teachers, scientists, and others who are interested in learning about this exciting frontier of science. We have focused on the qualitative aspects, so that the reader can develop a basic understanding of the fundamental physics without getting bogged down in the details. Because of this approach, our list of refer ences is not comprehensive, and it is supplemented with a summary of additional reading consisting of monographs and selected review articles. (The articles we have referenced were either not reflected in the review articles on monographs or were milestones in the development of the field. ) In addition, some of the sections which can be skipped during the first reading have been marked with asterisks (\*). Until recently, superconductivity was considered to belong to the field of low-temperature physics. This field was born, simultaneously with quantum physics, at the beginning of this century. Initially these two contemporaneous fields developed independently, but they soon became strongly coupled. 248 pp. Englisch.
Editore: Springer US Sep 1990, 1990
ISBN 10: 0442308116ISBN 13: 9780442308117
Da: BuchWeltWeit Ludwig Meier e.K., Bergisch Gladbach, Germania
Libro Print on Demand
Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware 188 pp. Englisch.
Editore: Springer US Sep 1990, 1990
ISBN 10: 0442264739ISBN 13: 9780442264734
Da: BuchWeltWeit Ludwig Meier e.K., Bergisch Gladbach, Germania
Libro Print on Demand
Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware 212 pp. Englisch.
Editore: Springer US Sep 1990, 1990
ISBN 10: 0306435225ISBN 13: 9780306435225
Da: BuchWeltWeit Ludwig Meier e.K., Bergisch Gladbach, Germania
Libro Print on Demand
Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book is formulated from a number of presentations made at a one-day workshop on the subject of Photon Migration in Tissues. The meeting was held in Philadelphia at the University of Pennsylvania, April, 1988. The workshop was an impromptu effort to bring together scientists to discuss photon migration in animal tissues and appropriate models. The rapid emergence of the ideas of Townes and Schalow in their invention of the then called maser, now laser opened up completely unexpected possibilities for biomedical research. Timing of rapid biochemical reaction, identification of unstable intermediates, spectroscopy of short lived fluorescent states were all goals to be expected and achieved. At the same time continuous light spectroscopy of tissue slices and of the myocardium, and eventually of the brain have the to the the neonate emerged over years. Shifting red end of spectrum, Butler and Norris clearly showed how transparent plant materials and the human hand could be illuminated in this region and Jobsis applied their idea to the neonate brain using a multiwavelength technique. 212 pp. Englisch.
Editore: Springer US Sep 1990, 1990
ISBN 10: 0306435276ISBN 13: 9780306435270
Da: BuchWeltWeit Ludwig Meier e.K., Bergisch Gladbach, Germania
Libro Print on Demand
Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book contains a series of papers and abstracts from the 7th Industry-University Cooperative Chemistry Program symposium held in the spring of 1989 at Texas A&M University. The symposium was larger than previous IUCCP symposia since it also celebrated the 25 years that had elapsed since the initial discovery by F. A. Cotton and his co-workers of the existence of metal-metal quadruple bonds. Cotton's discovery demonstrated that multiple bonding in inorganic systems is not governed by the same constraints observed in organic chemistry regarding s and p orbital involvement. The d orbitals are involved in the multiple bonding description. The quadruple bond involves considerable d orbital overlap between adjacent metal centers. Part I of this series of papers focuses upon the impact of this discovery and describes further contributions to the development of the field. Multiple metal-metal bonding now is known to permeate broad areas of transition metal chemistry. The understanding of metal-metal bonding that developed as a result of the discovery of multiple metal-metal bonding awakened a new chemistry involving metal clusters. Clusters were defined by Cotton to be species containing metal-metal bonding. Clusters in catalysis therefore seemed a logical grouping of papers in this symposium. Clusters play an every increasing role in the control of chemical reactions. Part II of this book describes some of the interesting new developments in this field. In Part III the papers examine the role clusters play in describing and understanding solid state materials. 356 pp. Englisch.
Editore: Springer US Sep 1990, 1990
ISBN 10: 0306431920ISBN 13: 9780306431920
Da: BuchWeltWeit Ludwig Meier e.K., Bergisch Gladbach, Germania
Libro Print on Demand
Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Organometallic chemistry belongs to the most rapidly developing area of chemistry today. This is due to the fact that research dealing with the structure of compounds and chemical bonding has been greatly intensified in recent years. Additionally, organometallic compounds have been widely utilized in catalysis, organic synthesis, electronics, etc. This book is based on my lectures concerning basic organometallic chemistry for fourth and fifth year chemistry students and on my lectures concerning advanced organometallic chemistry and homogeneous catalysis for Ph.D. graduate students. Many recent developments in the area of organometallic chemistry as weIl as homogeneous catalysis are presented. Essential research results dealing with a given class of organometallic compounds are discussed briefly. Results of physicochemical research methods of various organometallic compounds as weIl as their synthesis, properties, structures, reactivities, and applications are discussed more thoroughly. The selection of tabulated data is arbitrary because, often, it has been impossible to avoid omissions. Nevertheless, these data can be very helpful in understanding properties of organometaIlic compounds and their reactivities. All physical data are given in SI units; the interatomic distances are given in pm units in figures and tables. I am indebted to Professor S. A. Duraj for translating and editing this book. His remarks, discussions, and suggestions are greatly appreciated. I also express gratitude to Virginia E. Duraj for editing and proofreading. 780 pp. Englisch.
Editore: Springer US Sep 1990, 1990
ISBN 10: 0306433591ISBN 13: 9780306433597
Da: BuchWeltWeit Ludwig Meier e.K., Bergisch Gladbach, Germania
Libro Print on Demand
Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Virus Variability and Impact on Epidemiology and Control of Diseases E. Kurstak and A. Hossain I. INTRODUCTION An important number of virus infections and their epidemic developments demonstrate that ineffec tiveness of prevention measures is often due to the mutation rate and variability of viruses (Kurstak et al., 1984, 1987). The new human immunodeficiency retroviruses and old influenza viruses are only one among several examples of virus variation that prevent, or make very difficult. the production of reliable vaccines. It could be stated that the most important factor limiting the effectiveness of vaccines against virus infections is apparently virus variation. Not much is, how ever, known about the factors influencing and responsible for the dramatically diverse patterns of virus variability. II. MUTATION RATE AND VARIABILITY OF HUMAN AND ANIMAL VIRUSES Mutation is undoubtedly the primary source of variation, and several reports in the literature suggest that extreme variability of some viruses may be a consequence of an unusually high mutation rate (Holland et al., 1982; Domingo et al., 1985; Smith and Inglis, 1987). The mutation rate of a virus is defined as the probability that during a single replication of the virus genome a particular nucleotide position is altered through substitution, deletion, insertion. or recombination. Different techniques have been utilized to measure virus mutation rates, and these have been noted in the extent of application to different viruses. 396 pp. Englisch.
Editore: Springer US Sep 1990, 1990
ISBN 10: 0306435373ISBN 13: 9780306435379
Da: BuchWeltWeit Ludwig Meier e.K., Bergisch Gladbach, Germania
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Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This volume contains the proceedings of the 1986 annual meeting and conference of the Society for Risk Analysis. It provides a detailed view of both mature disciplines and emerging areas within the fields of health, safety, and environmental risk analysis as they existed in 1986. In selecting and organizing topics for this conference, we sought both (i) to identify and include new ideas and application areas that would be of lasting interest to risk analysts and to users of risk analysis results, and (ii) to include innovative methods and applications in established areas of risk analysis. In the three years since the conference, many of the topics presented there for the first time to a broad risk analysis audience have become well developed-and sometimes hotly debated-areas of applied risk research. Several, such as the public health hazards from indoor air pollutants, radon in the home, high-voltage electric fields, and the AIDS epidemic, have been the subjects of headlines since 1986. Older areas, such as hazardous waste site ranking and remediation, air emissions dispersion modeling and exposure assessment, transportation safety, seismic and nuclear risk assessment, and occupational safety in the chemical industry, have continued to receive new treatments and to benefit from advances in quantitative risk assessment methods, as documented in the theoretical and methodological papers in this volume. A theme of the meeting was the importance of new technologies and the new and uncertain risks that they create. 732 pp. Englisch.
Editore: Springer US Sep 1990, 1990
ISBN 10: 0792306694ISBN 13: 9780792306696
Da: BuchWeltWeit Ludwig Meier e.K., Bergisch Gladbach, Germania
Libro Print on Demand
Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In children, the central nervous system tumors complished through advances in the three main are exceeded in incidence only by leukemia and antineoplastic therapeutic modalities-surgery, are more common than any of the other malig radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Improve nancies of childhood. Childhood central nervous ments in neurosurgical technique concomitant system tumors encompass a range of histo with improvements in anesthesia and periopera logic varieties from the histologically benign tive supportive care have resulted in decreased appearing pilocytic astrocytoma to the extremely morbidity and mortality from neurosurgical malignant-appearing glioblastoma multiforme procedures together with an increased likelihood of accomplishing a gross total resection of and the undifferentiated primitive neuroecto dermal tumors. Similarly, the biologic behavior tumor. Radiotherapy has evolved from using orthovoltage (200-250 KV) equipment to of childhood brain tumors varies not only ac cording to histology but also with location of supervoltage equipment with much-improved the tumor and age. Unlike primary central nerv penetration, thus allowing for the administra ous system tumors in adults, many varieties of tion of accurate homogeneous high doses to childhood brain tumors have the propensity to large volumes without significant effects on the disseminate via the cerebrospinal fluid path overlying skin and soft tissues. Preliminary data ways. 536 pp. Englisch.