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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -I have often wondered if the opposition to women's choosing to abort a pregnancy masks a fear of women choosing to have and raise children on their own. When a woman separatesmotherhood from marriage, she claims a freedom in the realm of intimate rela tionships that may be as fundamental as Freedom of Conscience or Freedom of Association. Yet, we do not usually think about women's decisions concerning motherhood in these terms. In a pair of remarkable studies begun in the 1980s, Ruth Linn-pregnant at the time, and married to a medical officer in the Israeli army-took the study of moral psychology into two highly controversial arenas of moral action: Israeli soldiers who refused to serve in Lebanon and single women who refused to remain childless. While conscientious objection to war has long been recognized as an act ofmoral resistance and courage,women who question societal norms and values linking motherhood with marriage, are typically dismissed as bad women. Rather than approaching these questions in the abstract, Linn chose to inter view women who made the decision to have and raise children on their own. What she found was that in the course of making this decision, women came to see themselves as moral resisters. In freeing their childbearing capability from men's control,they were also freeing their capacity to love. The very title of this book, Mature Unwed Mothers, calls us to think about what we mean by maturity on the part of mothers.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Apparatus and Method of Investigating Multiple Production at Energies of Hundreds of GeV.- Method of Treatment of Experimental Data Obtained with Cloud Chamber.- Experimental Data on Inelastic Strong Interaction at Energies of 100¿3000 GeV and Their Interpretation.- Extensive Air Showers and Interaction of Particles with Energies above 1013 eV.- Apparatus for Investigation of Extensive Air Showers and Nuclear Interactions of Cosmic-Ray Particles with Energy 1012¿1016 eV.- Quasi-nucleonic Nuclear Interactions of 23-GeV Protons in a Nuclear Emulsion Irradiated in a Pulsed Magnetic Field of 180 kOe.- Measurement of Energy of Electron ¿ Photon Cascades by Photometry of Spots on X-Ray Films.- Transition Effects in the Ionization Calorimeter.- Investigation of the Nuclear Component of Cosmic Rays in a Period of Minimum Solar Activity.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The present volume is based upon the invited review lectures delivered to the European Brain and Behaviour Society's Workshop on Recovery of Function Following Brain Damage held at Goldsmiths' College, University of London, in April 1991. Coming exactly ten years after the Society's ftrst meeting on this subject, held at Erasmus University, Rotterdam, a major objective of the Workshop was to review progress in the intervening years. This task was begun by Professor D. G. Stein in his opening presentation. Looking ahead to possible developments in recovery research in the next decade was the subject of Professor B. Kolb's closing lecture. The intervening presentations reviewed progress made in speciftc areas of recovery research. In addition to reviewing progress over the last decade we sought to achieve an additional objective in the way that the invited review lectures were organised. This was to bring together those doing basic research, usually animal research, and those whose of the lectures were 'paired', research interests are more clinically orientated. Thus some one concentrating on the results of animal studies and one on clinical research findings.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The present volume is a continuation of Volume 8 in the Annals series. Together Volumes 8 and 9 are intended to show the contribu tion of history to theory in psychology. The reader is referred to the Introduction by Hans Rappard and Pieter van Strien, and the Preface in Volume 8 that serve as a prelude to the papers included in both volumes. Volume 8 includes three major papers: Psychological objects, practice, and history by Kurt Danziger, with commentaries by Mitchell Ash, Franz Samelson, and John Mills; History and the psychological imagination by Irmingard Staeuble, with commentar ies by Carl Graumann and Roger Smith; and The historical practice of theory construction by Pieter 1. van Strien, with commentaries by Helmut Luck, Kenneth Gergen, and Ian Lubek. Similarly, the present volume includes three major papers and ten commentaries. In preparation of this volume and its companion, Volume 8, we gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Valerie Welch who entered the text, and Casey Boodt who proofread the text and prepared the indexes. Leendert P. Mos and William J. Baker June, 1993 vii Contents Chapter 1. History and system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . Hans V Rappard Psychology as its history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Daniel N. Robinson Theoretical psychology, systematology, and phenomenological variation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 . Eckart Scheerer Systematization and history. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 K. B. Madsen Towards the remarriage of theoretical psychology and psychology: Reply to commentators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Hans V Rappard Chapter 2.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -During the academic year 2002-2003, the Faculty of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering of Ia~i (Romania), and its Departments of Automatic Control and Industrial Informatics and of Computer Engineering respectively, celebrated 25 years from the establishment of the specialization named Automatic Control and Computer Engineering within the framework of the former Faculty of Electrical Engineering of Ia~i, and, at the same time, 40 years since the first courses on Automatic Control and Computers respectively, were introduced in the curricula of the former specializations of Electromechanical Engineering and Electrical Power Engineering at the already mentioned Faculty of Electrical Engineering. The reader interested to know some important moments ofour evolution during the last five decades is invited to see the Addendum ofthis volume, where a short history is presented. And, to highlight once more the nice coincidences, it must be noted here that in 2003 our Technical University 'Gheorghe Asachi' of Ia~i celebrated 190 years from the emergence of the first cadastral engineering degree course in Ia~i (thanks to the endeavor ofGheorghe Asachi), which is today considered to be the beginningofthe engineering higher education in Romania. Generally speaking, an anniversary is a celebration meant to mark special events ofthe past, with festivities to be performed solemnly and publicly according to a specific ritual.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Low Power Design Methodologies presents the first in-depth coverage of all the layers of the design hierarchy, ranging from the technology, circuit, logic and architectural levels, up to the system layer. The book gives insight into the mechanisms of power dissipation in digital circuits and presents state of the art approaches to power reduction. Finally, it introduces a global view of low power design methodologies and how these are being captured in the latest design automation environments.The individual chapters are written by the leading researchers in the area, drawn from both industry and academia. Extensive references are included at the end of each chapter.Audience: A broad introduction for anyone interested in low power design. Can also be used as a text book for an advanced graduate class. A starting point for any aspiring researcher.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - From the President of the Research Society on Alcoholism Alcohol research has entered an era of growth which brings enhanced opti mism regarding the elucidation of the biochemical and psychosocial factors which combine to produce the phenomena of alcohol abuse and alcoholism. The solidification of knowledge regarding the genetic determinants of certain alcohol-related problems puts on firm footing the biological approaches for developing solutions to these problems. The current volume of Recent Devel opments in Alcoholism contains an excellent blend of information both on stud ies assessing the behavioral and physiological variables which may be ge netically linked to an individual's risk of developing problems with alcohol, and on clinical and basic science investigations of the pathological conse quences of excessive ethanol ingestion. Further progress in the alcoholism research area will continue to require investigation of the interactions of en vironmental variables with the genetically determined biology of an individ ual. Novel techniques in the fields of molecular genetics, physical chemistry, and behavioral pharmacology are being brought to bear on the central issues in the field, and the addition of these tools to the science of alcohol research brings closer the prospect of fruitful clinical application of our basic knowl edge. The Research Society on Alcoholism remains devoted to the task of promoting the generation of knowledge regarding the actions of alcohol and the mechanisms which produce alcohol abuse and alcoholism.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - In transfusion medicine the scientific fundamentals of immunology have had a considerable clinical impact. Transfusion may suppress the immunity but some patients could suffer disadvantages including GvHD, alloimmunisation and possible cancer, where white cells (WBC) play pivotal roles in this phenomenon, presenting antigens and producing cytokines. A clinical application of this practice is LAK-cells targeted against cancer. MHC on the WBC may provide additional immunological modulations through series of secondary messengers. Thus reduction of WBC in the blood and bone marrow may be advantageous for patients. On the other hand, sharing a part of MHC or making the transplanted white cells anergic by storage may be even more advantageous for patients. CMV infection could mimic part of this MHC. UV radiation is effective in the inactivation of the WBC although filters are easy means for such removal. However, their accurate quantification requires flow cytometry that has considerable potential application in blood transfusions. Idiotypic antibody could play an important role in platelet theory. However, the potential infection risks in transfusion like HIV and HCV remain, but application of molecular biological methods like PCR or RT/PCR has great potentials in detection of infectious diseases, transplantation and genetic disorders. Immuno affinity purified concentrates, like factor IX and protein C, could reduce patients' immune functions, where in the future protein C could be derived from transgenic animals. Advances are sure to emerge through adoptive immunotherapy and gene therapies are exciting prospects when genes transferred into lymphocytes could be used to correct cell mediated immune deficiency, as in ADA.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - In summary, the technical, scientific and medical aspects of transfusion me dicine continue to be critical. We all must find ways to provide a safer unit of blood and blood components. However, there must be a realization by all in volved in the profession that the management and administration aspects of transfusion medicine deserve equal attention, respect and support. Why It is very simple! Without all aspectsoftransfusion medicine working togetherfor the common good - care ofthe patient - we will all fail. References 1. Standards for Blood Banks and Transfusion Services, American Association of Blood Banks, 14th edition, Arlington, VA, USA, 1991. 2. Blood Assurance Act of 1979 (S.161O), Senator Richard S. Schweiker, United States Senate, Washington, DC, USA, July 31,1979. 3. Administrative Guidelines for Blood Banks, American Association of Blood Banks, Arlington, VA, 1989. 4. 'You're absolutely right: We goofed'. Howard Upton, Southwest Airlines Spirit, September 1991:24. 5. Administrative Manual, Volume II, American Association of Blood Banks, Arlington, VA, USA, 1987.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - It is necessary to realize that the term 'photosynthetic prokaryotes' encom passes the widest and most diverse grouping of bacteria, but in itself has no taxonomic or phylogenetic significance. It means those organisms, other than eukaryotes, which require, obligately or facultatively, light for growth. The re cent application 16S rRNA sequencing to microbial phylogeny, asso ciated mainly with the work of Woese, emphasizes the evolutionarily dis persed nature of purpIe and green photosynthetic bacteria as weIl as the rather coherent phylogenetic connections of the cyanobacteria. It is not surprising, therefore, that a volume such as this which seeks to give an introduction to this collection of organisms must be highly selective; ac cordingly, several important features are discussed only superficiaIly, e. g. , differentiation, life cycles, and biochemical aspects of nutrition. Rather, we have attempted to provide adescription of the essential features which are common and those which are characteristic, e. g. , the physiology of photo synthesis and ecological distribution. Bearing in mind the aim of the series, we have asked our authors to emphasize aspects of the importance of these organisms in nature and their industrial applications. As will be seen from the text, these organisms have an ancient history in 'biotechnology,' having been used as foodstuffs by several cultures, but their exploitation has been limited to their natural patterns and products of growth. …

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - After long years of work that have seen little industrial application, high-level synthesis is finally on the verge of becoming a practical tool. The state of high-level synthesis today is similar to the state of logic synthesis ten years ago. At present, logic-synthesis tools are widely used in digital system design. In the future, high-level synthesis will play a key role in mastering design complexity and in truly exploiting the potential of ASIes and PLDs, which demand extremely short design cycles. Work on high-level synthesis began over twenty years ago. Since substantial progress has been made in understanding the basic then, problems involved, although no single universally-accepted theoretical framework has yet emerged. There is a growing number of publications devoted to high-level synthesis, specialized workshops are held regularly, and tutorials on the topic are commonly held at major conferences. This book gives an extensive survey of the research and development in high-level synthesis. In Part I, a short tutorial explains the basic concepts used in high-level synthesis, and follows an example design throughout the synthesis process. In Part II, current high-level synthesis systems are surveyed. …

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Artificial Neural Networks have captured the interest of many researchers in the last five years. As with many young fields, neural network research has been largely empirical in nature, relyingstrongly on simulationstudies ofvarious network models. Empiricism is, of course, essential to any science for it provides a body of observations allowing initial characterization of the field. Eventually, however, any maturing field must begin the process of validating empirically derived conjectures with rigorous mathematical models. It is in this way that science has always pro ceeded. It is in this way that science provides conclusions that can be used across a variety of applications. This monograph by Michael Lemmon provides just such a theoretical exploration of the role ofcompetition in Artificial Neural Networks. There is 'good news' and 'bad news' associated with theoretical research in neural networks. The bad news isthat such work usually requires the understanding of and bringing together of results from many seemingly disparate disciplines such as neurobiology, cognitive psychology, theory of differential equations, largc scale systems theory, computer science, and electrical engineering. The good news is that for those capable of making this synthesis, the rewards are rich as exemplified in this monograph.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors (PPARs) attract great attention in light of the wide spectrum of genes of biological and medical relevance identified as under their control. As a consequence, our knowledge of the role of these receptors in physiology and pathology continues to grow at a fast pace and PPARs have become an interesting target for the treatment of many pathological conditions, including diabetes and atherosclerosis. This volume provides an authoritative view of the current clinical and scientific developments within this evolving area of study.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Montreal has had a longstanding interest in somatostatin. Two years ago when the final planning began for the International Con gress of Endocrinology in Quebec City in July 1984, we seized the op portunity for having a separate Satellite Symposium on somatostatin here in Montreal. We felt that after a decade of uniformly vigorous growth in somatostatin research, the opportune moment had arrived for a review of the most significant past developments and for setting the directions for the future. Knowing the futility of trying to cover every aspect of the burgeoning somatostatin field in a two day scientific program, we opted for a detailed analysis of selected areas which were reasonably mature and of areas of greatest new activity. To attain these objectives, 27 leading international experts actively involved in their fields were invited to present an indepth review of their work in one of five major categories of somatostatin research. Thirty minutes at the end of each session were assigned for a three way, comprehensive discussion of some of the core concepts between the session moderators, the panellists and the audience. The feedback that we have received from the particip ants leaves little doubt that the meeting was a scientific and social success. This book fulfills our final commitment towards the Meeting which was to record the proceedings in a timely publication.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - 380 years ago, in the year 1614, Ubbo Emmius transplanted the gene ofscience from Ostfriesland into the education genome ofthe city ofGroningen as devel oped by Regnerus Praedinius. He thereby founded the University ofGroningen. It is with great pleasure that the Faculty of Medicine as one of the founding faculties ofour University, welcomes you to this 19th International Symposium ofBloodTransfusion, whichwill coverthe themeofHereditaryDiseasesandtheir relation to Transfusion Medicine, where cell expansion, gene transfer and gene therapy are the read thread. Since the earlydays there has beena specificand sincere interest in inborn errors ofmetabolism and hereditarydisorders. This interest has resulted in a structured research, diagnostic and counselling facilities, and therapeuticapproaches where various disciplines within our faculty work closely together with groups from related faculties of the University of Groningen, as well as other national and international scientific institutions. The field of inborn errors, genetic abnormalities and mutations, and hereditary diseases covers a broad gamma of extremely interesting and exciting scientific aspects,whichrangefrom clearphysicalaberrationstomolecularanalysisofgenes and genomes, coding areas and amino acid sequences. It is intriguing to realise that the balance of life seemingly depends on the position or presence of one single molecule as a part ofthe total complex ofgenetic information in the cell.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - 1 Why Parsing Technologies .- 1.1 The gap between theory and application.- 1.2 About this book.- 2 The Computational Implementation of Principle-Based Parsers.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 The principle ordering problem.- 2.3 Examples of parsing using the Po-Parser.- 2.4 Concluding remarks.- 3 Parsing with Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Lexicalization of CFGs.- 3.3 Lexicalized TAGs.- 3.4 Parsing lexicalized TAGs.- 3.5 Concluding remarks.- 4 Parsing with Discontinuous Phrase Structure Grammar.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Trees with discontinuities.- 4.3 Disco-Trees in grammar rules.- 4.4 Implementing DPSG: An enhanced chart parser.- 4.5 Concluding remarks.- 5 Parsing with Categorial Grammar in Predictive Normal Form.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Overview of predictive normal form.- 5.3 Source grammar (G).- 5.4 Predictive normal form (G).- 5.5 Ambiguity in G.- 5.6 Equivalence of G and G.- 5.7 Concluding remarks.- 6 PREMO: Parsing by conspicuous lexical consumption.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 The preference machine.- 6.3 Global data.- 6.4 Preference semantics.- 6.5 PREMO example.- 6.6 Comparison to other work.- 6.7 Concluding remarks.- 7 Parsing, Word Associations, and Typical Predicate-Argument Relations.- 7.1 Mutual information.- 7.2 Phrasal verbs.- 7.3 Preprocessing the corpus with a part of speech tagger.- 7.4 Preprocessing with a syntactic parser.- 7.5 Significance levels.- 7.6 Just a powerful tool.- 7.7 Practical applications.- 7.8 Alternatives to collocation for recognition applications.- 7.9 Concluding remarks.- 8 Parsing Spoken Language Using Combinatory Grammars.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Structure and intonation.- 8.3 Combinatory grammars.- 8.4 Parsing with CCG.- 8.5 Intonational structure.- 8.6 A hypothesis.- 8.7 Conclusion.- 9 A Dependency-Based Parser for Topic and Focus.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Dependency-based output structures.- 9.3 The semantic impact of topic-focus articulation.- 9.4 Parsing procedure for topic and focus.- 9.5 Parsing sentences in a text.- 9.6 Concluding remarks.- 10 A Probabilistic Parsing Method for Sentence Disambiguation.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Probabilistic context-free grammar.- 10.3 Experiments.- 10.4 Concluding remarks.- 11 Towards a Uniform Formal Framework for Parsing.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Context-free parsing.- 11.3 Horn clauses.- 11.4 Other linguistic formalisms.- 11.5 Concluding remarks.- 12 A Method for Disjunctive Constraint Satisfaction.- 12.1 Introduction.- 12.2 Turning disjunctions into contexted constraints.- 12.3 Normalizing the contexted constraints.- 12.4 Extracting the disjunctive residue.- 12.5 Producing the models.- 12.6 Comparison with other techniques.- 12.7 Concluding remarks.- 13 Polynomial Parsing of Extensions of Context-Free Grammars.- 13.1 Introduction.- 13.2 Linear indexed grammars.- 13.3 Combinatory categorial grammars.- 13.4 Tree Adjoining Grammars.- 13.5 Importance of linearity.- 13.6 Concluding remarks.- 14 Overview of Parallel Parsing Strategies.- 14.1 Introduction.- 14.2 From one to many traditional serial parsers.- 14.3 Translating grammar rules into process configurations.- 14.4 From sentence words to processes.- 14.5 Connectionist parsing algorithms.- 14.6 Concluding remarks.- 15 Chart Parsing for Loosely Coupled Parallel Systems.- 15.1 Introduction.- 15.2 Parsing for loosely coupled systems.- 15.3 Parallelism and the chart.- 15.4 Distributing the chart.- 15.5 Communication vs. computation - Results for the Hypercube(TM).- 15.6 Towards wider comparability - The abstract parallel agenda.- 15.7 Termination and Synchronization.- 15.8 Testingthe portable system - Results of network experiment.- 15.9 Alternative patterns of edge distribution.- 15.10 Concluding remarks.- 16 Parsing with Connectionist Networks.- 16.1 Introduction.- 16.2 Incremental parsing.- 16.3 Connectionist network formalism.- 16.4 Parsing network architecture.- 16.5 Parsing network performance.- 16.6 Extensions.- 16.7 Concluding remarks.- 17 A Broad-Coverage Natural.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - PROFESSOR SIR KENNETH L. STUART Pain control has become one ofmedicine's most rapidly growing disciplines, and Iwelcome the opportunity to write this foreword to abook that Iam sure will make its own unique contribution to advancing this discipline. My pleasure in writing it is heightened by my pride in the fact that its editor was at one time an undergraduate student of mine at the University of the West Indies in Jamaica. One of the uncertainties teachers always face is that they can never predict how their charges will turn out. This uncertainty has been happily resolved. Dr. Parris' professional career has been marked by the same dedication and commitment that characterized his undergraduate days and that clearly has been brought to the preparation of this scholarly and practical work. Pain reliefhas been until recently acomparatively neglected field. Its neglect was determined not so much by lack ofprofessional awareness ofits import ance but mainly because so little could be done about it in the past.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Digital signal processing (DSP) is used in a wide range of applications such as speech, telephone, mobile radio, video, radar and sonar. The sample rate requirements of these applications range from 10 KHz to 100 MHz. Real time implementation of these systems requires design of hardware which can process signal samples as these are received from the source, as opposed to storing them in buffers and processing them in batch mode. Efficient implementation of real time hardware for DSP applications requires study of families of architectures and implementation styles out of which an appropriate architecture can be selected for a specified application. To this end, the digit-serial implementation style is proposed as an appropriate design methodology for cases where bit-serial systems cannot meet the sample rate requirements, and bit-parallel systems require excessive hardware. The number of bits processed in a clock cycle is referred to as the digit-size. The hardware complexity and the achievable sample rate increase with increase in the digit-size. As special cases, a digit serial system is reduced to bit-serial or bit-parallel when the digit-size is selected to equal one or the word-length, respectively. A family of implementations can be obtained by changing the digit-size parameter, thus permitting an optimal trade-off between throughput and size. Because of their structured architecture, digit-serial designs lend themselves to automatic compilation from algorithmic descriptions. An implementation of this design methodology, the Parsifal silicon compiler was developed at the General Electric Corporate Research and Development laboratory.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - In an attempt to clarify the situation regarding the diagnosis, pathogenesis and therapeutics of cardiovascular dysfunction in diabetes, an International Symposium on Diabetic Heart was held in Tokyo, Japan during October, 1989. Thirty-two selected articles from the poster presentations, compiled in this book, have been grouped in four sections, namely (a) Evaluation of Cardiovascular Problems, (b) Interactions of Diabetes and Hypertension, (c) Pathophysiological Aspects of Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Diabetes, and (d) Pharmacological and Therapeutic Aspects of Diabetic Heart. It is hoped that the contents of these chapters will provide adequate information regarding the current status of cardiovascular abnormalities in diabetes and this book will be of great interest to both clinical and experimental cardiologists as well as endocrinologists interested in diabetes.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Explanation-Based Learning (EBL) can generally be viewed as substituting background knowledge for the large training set of exemplars needed by conventional or empirical machine learning systems. The background knowledge is used automatically to construct an explanation of a few training exemplars. The learned concept is generalized directly from this explanation. The first EBL systems of the modern era were Mitchell's LEX2, Silver's LP, and De Jong's KIDNAP natural language system. Two of these systems, Mitchell's and De Jong's, have led to extensive follow-up research in EBL. This book outlines the significant steps in EBL research of the Illinois group under De Jong. This volume describes theoretical research and computer systems that use a broad range of formalisms: schemas, production systems, qualitative reasoning models, non-monotonic logic, situation calculus, and some home-grown ad hoc representations. This has been done consciously to avoid sacrificing the ultimate research significance in favor of the expediency of any particular formalism. The ultimate goal, of course, is to adopt (or devise) the right formalism.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Gastric cancer has been one of the great malignant scourges affecting man kind for as long as medical records have been kept. Until operative resection pioneered by Bilroth and others became available, no effective treatment was feasible and death from cancer was virtually inevitable. Even with resection by total gastrectomy, the chances of tumor eradication remained small. Over recent years, however, the situation has been changing. Some changes have resulted from better understanding of the disease, early detec tion, and better management techniques with applied clinical research, but the reasons for other changes are poorly understood. For example, the incidence of gastric cancer is decreasing, especially in westernized societies, where it has fallen from one of the most common cancers to no longer being in the top five causes of cancer death. Still it remains the number one killer of adult males in Japan and Korea. Whether the reduced incidence in western societies is a result of dietary changes or methods of food preservation, or some other reason, is as yet uncertain. Improvements in outcome have been reported from mass screening and early detection; more refined techniques of establishing early diagnosis, tumor type, and tumor extent; more radical surgical resection; and resection at earlier stages of disease.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Dynamic Portfolio Strategies: Quantitative Methods and Empirical Rules for Incomplete Information investigates optimal investment problems for stochastic financial market models. It is addressed to academics and students who are interested in the mathematics of finance, stochastic processes, and optimal control, and also to practitioners in risk management and quantitative analysis who are interested in new strategies and methods of stochastic analysis. While there are many works devoted to the solution of optimal investment problems for various models, the focus of this book is on analytical strategies based on 'technical analysis' which are model-free. The technical analysis of these strategies has a number of characteristics. Two of the more important characteristics are: (1) they require only historical data, and (2) typically they are more widely used by traders than analysis based on stochastic models. Hence it is the objective of this book to reduce the gap between model-free strategies and strategies that are 'optimal' for stochastic models. We hope that researchers, students and practitioners will be interested in some of the new empirically based methods of 'technical analysis' strategies suggested in this book and evaluated via stochastic market models. 228 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The purpose of Projects as Business Constituents and Guiding Motives is to describe and analyse the roles that projects play in business. The editors, authors and researchers are convinced that projects are of significant importance at virtually every level of society, even though companies are the focus of this book. Projects are not merely conspicuous components of businesses, they in fact signal what businesses are all about. As you will see from some of the contributions to this book, these signals come in different forms and have different effects. Thus the various contributions to this book also mirror a kind of uncertainty as to what this phenomenon that is called project is all about. Rather than trying to define what it `really is', the editors have opted for the alternative, namely to let some of the variation be replicated in the different contributions. One important reason for the variations is that each author wants to stress a different aspect of projectisation. The editors illustrate some of the variations as they appear in the minds of researchers and in the minds of those who work with projects every day. They believe that they do greater justice to the field by taking this stance at this stage in the evolution of project management. The book is structured in four sections. The first section includes four chapters elaborating on various aspects of the roles projects play for shareholders, for management, for the global scene, and for the more or less continuous reorganising efforts that characterise most industries at the present time. The second section deals with how projects fit in with traditional business processes and the challenges that face project management as well as the generic business procedures. The third section brings forward some of the most essential matters when it comes to the future of business organisations. Innovation projects have a completely different character compared to traditional projects, and when entire industries go through thorough transformations, attending to project matters will be part of that change. One of the most often-repeated statements in business is that people matter; in the last section that statement is scrutinised in a projectised environment. This volume has a wide international selection of authors. Eight different nationalities are represented. The collection is relevant to academics in business administration, project management and organisation behaviour. It should also appeal to a significant secondary audience: professionals in project management, business strategy and organisation. 280 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Throughout the development of mathematical programming researchers have paid great attention to problems that are described by a single objective that can only be achieved subject to satisfying a set of restrictions or constraints. Recently, it has been recognized that the use of a single objective limits the applicability of In reality, many multiobjective mathematical programming models. situations exist and frequently these mUltiple objectives are in direct conflict. Research on multiobjective problems can be broken down into two broad categories: multiobjective optimization and multicriterion decision theory. Multiobjective optimization models are based on techniques such as linear programming. In general, the multiobjective optimization problem can be defined as finding a feasible alternative that yields the most preferred set of values for the objective functions. This problem differs from a single objective because subjective methods are required to determine which alternative is most preferred. A body of literature parallel to that m multiobjective optimization has been developing in the area of multicriterion decision theory. These models are based on classical decision analysis, particularly utility theory. One focus of this research has been the development and testing of procedures for estimating multiattribute utility functions that are consistent with rational decision maker behavior. A utility function provides a model of a decision maker's choice among alternatives. This literature is directly xii MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION applicable to multiobjective optimization and provides much needed insight into the subjective character of that problem. 188 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The theme ofthe conference at which the papers in this book were presented was'Systems Thinking in Europe'. Members of the United Kingdom Systems Society (UKSS) were conscious that the systems movementflourishes notonly in the UK, America and the Antipodes, but also in continental Europe, both East and West, and in the USSR, a nation increasingly being welcomed by the European comity. Membership of the UKSS had not perhaps had the opportunity, however, of hearing important new ideas from continental Europe, and this conference provided an opportunity to do so. Some interesting papers are to be found here from both the West and the East, if the editors may be forgiven for perpetuating what may be an increasingly irrelevant dichotomy. One lesson to be learned from this conference, though, is that systems thinking is truly international. This is not to say that there is one systems paradigm unifonnly applied, however. Perhaps the core of systems thinking is that one is interested in complex 'wholes' with emergent properties, to which cybernetic ideas can be applied. Examples of such systems thinking can be found in these proceedings, for example in the section entitled 'Applications of Systems Thinking'. Attempts to bring about change with these ideas, however, have given rise to a diversity of approaches, as is evidenced by the papers dealing with the application of methodologies in the 'hard' and 'soft' systems traditions. 628 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In cooperative games, one generally assumes that the agents know exactly the joint (monetary) gains that can be achieved by any possible coalition of cooperating agents. In reality, however, only little is known with certainty. This does not necessarily imply that traditional cooperative game theory cannot be applied in practical situations, for in various cases knowledge of the expected gains suffices. In many other cases, however, it is just the sharing of risk that is beneficial. Joint ventures, for instance, exist since cooperation reduces the risk of the investment for the individual parties. Since the existing models fail to incorporate such risks, they are not suitable for analyzing cooperative decision-making under risk. This book aims to rectify this deficiency by discussing a model of cooperative games with random payoffs. 156 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Because of their mutually influencing interactions, information systems and modern manufacturing systems are intertwined. They have been so integrated that information systems have become an embedded and critical component of any effective manufacturing system. The impact of the increasing focus on information permeates throughout the manufacturing life cycle, from product conceptualization, design, process planning, all the way to production, order fulfilment, and customer services. For these reasons, it is critical that we study information-based manufacturing in its entirety, crossing the traditional functional boundaries and building as much synergy between Information Systems (IS), Information Technology (IT), and manufacturing as possible. This is the motivation for this book and, to this end, the purpose of this book is threefold: to establish an up-to-date interdisciplinary research framework for information-based manufacturing that builds on the research foundation from IS and IT and manufacturing research; to develop a forward-looking research agenda for information-based manufacturing for identifying future directions for research and applications; and to foster a joint academic and industrial research agenda in information systems and manufacturing by identifying the greatest synergy possible between academic research and industrial practices. 352 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The aim of this book, Future of the Telecommunications Industry: Forecasting and Demand Analysis, is to describe leading research in the area of empirical telecommunications demand analysis and forecasting in the light of tremendous market and regulatory changes. Its purpose is to educate the reader about how traditional analytic techniques can be used to assess new telecommunications products and how new analytic techniques can better address existing products. The research presented focuses on new products such as Internet access and additional lines and new techniques such as hazard modeling, adaptive forecasting and neural networks. The scope of this volume includes new telecommunications products, new analytical techniques, and a review of market changes in the US and other countries. Some of the most critical questions facing the industry are addressed here, such as the impact of competition, customer churn, rate re-balancing, and early assessment of new products. The research includes a variety of different countries, products and analytic tools. 288 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The role that small firms and entrepreneurship play in economic development has been particularly contentious. Joseph Schumpeter (1911), in his early work, argued that through a process of 'creative destruction,' small and new firms would serve as agents of change and a catalyst for innovation and growth. But, he later rescinded this view, instead concluding that large corporations were the engines of growth. Just as it seemed that a consensus had emerged among scholars and policy makers that small business was at best superfluous and at worst a drag on growth and economic development, David Birch provided evidence that, in fact, small firms were the engines of job creation. The early skepticism of challenge to Birch's findings revolved around methodology and measurement. However, a wave of subsequent studies by different authors, spanning different time periods, sectors, and even countries, generally confirmed Birch's original findings-for most developed countries and in most time periods, small business has provided most of the job creation. 144 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book is intended for the graduate or advanced undergraduate engineer. The primary motivation for writing the text was to present a complete tutorial of phase-locked loops with a consistent notation. As such, it can serve as a textbook in formal classroom instruction, or as a self-study guide for the practicing engineer. A former colleague, Kevin Kreitzer, had suggested that I write a text, with an emphasis on digital phase-locked loops. As modem designers, we were continually receiving requests from other engineers asking for a definitive reference on digital phase-locked loops. There are several good papers in the literature, but there was not a good textbook for either classroom or self-paced study. From my own experience in designing low phase noise synthesizers, I also knew that third-order analog loop design was omitted from most texts. With those requirements, the material in the text seemed to flow naturally. Chapter 1 is the early history of phase-locked loops. I believe that historical knowledge can provide insight to the development and progress of a field, and phase-locked loops are no exception. As discussed in Chapter 1, consumer electronics (color television) prompted a rapid growth in phase-locked loop theory and applications, much like the wireless communications growth today. xiv Preface Although all-analog phase-locked loops are becoming rare, the continuous time nature of analog loops allows a good introduction to phase-locked loop theory. 400 pp. Englisch.…