hirst e l (25 risultati)

Soft cover. Condizione: Very Good. No Jacket. s5 6"x9¼"; 449 pages; The binding and pages are clean, tight and square. There is no underlining, highlighting or margin notes. A used copy with normal reading wear. If you order multiple titles, I will combine them in order to reduce postage costs. If you have any questions, contact me before ordering for details. Contains the following: "Cognitive neuroscience: an overview" by Joseph E. LeDoux and William Hirst; "The psychology of perception" by James E. Hoffman; "The neurobiology of perception" by Richard T. Marrocco; "A neurobiological view of the psychology of perception" by Richard T. Marrocco and "A psychologist's reply" by James E. Hoffman; "A psychological view of the neurobiology of perception" by James E. Hoffman and "A neurobiologist's reply" by Richard T. Marrocco; "The psychology of perception" by William Hirst; "The neurobiology of attention' by David Lee Robinson and Steven E. Petersen; "A neurobiological view of the psychology of attention" by David Lee Robinson and Steven E. Petersen and "A psychologist's reply" by William Hirst; "A psychological view of the neurobiology of attention" by William Hirst and "A reply from neurobiologist's" by David Lee Robinson and Steven E. Petersen; "The psychology of memory" by David L. Schacter; "The neurobiology of memory" by Michael Gabriel, Steven P. Sparenborg, and Neil Stolar; "A neurobiological view of the psychology of memory" by Michael Gabriel, Steven P. Sparenborg, and Neil Stolar; and "A psychologist's reply" by Daniel L. Schacter; "A psychological view of the neurobiology of memory" by Daniel L. Schacter; and "A reply from neurobiologists" by Michael Gabriel, Steven P. Sparenborg, and Neil Stolar; "The psychology of emotion" by Ross Buck; "The neurobiology of emotion" by Joseph E. LeDoux; "A neurobiological view of the psychology of emotion" by Joseph E. LeDoux and "A psychologist's reply" by Ross Buck; "A psychological view of the neurobiology of emotion" by Ross Buck and "A neurobiologist's reply" by Joseph E. LeDoux; "Cognitive neuroscience: final considerations" by William Hirst and Joseph E. LeDoux.

Booklet - Unbound Pages. Condizione: Very Good. 12 pages. An authentic standalone article, extracted from a larger volume. Not a reprint or reproduction, but an original work in its own right. Supplied without title page or cover. Size: 17 x 25 cms. Category: British Association for the Advancement of Science; Cosmo Books : 29 years on ABE, 47 years taking care of customers. A bookseller you can rely on.

Booklet - Unbound Pages. Condizione: Very Good. 35 pages, textual figures. An authentic standalone article, extracted from a larger volume. Not a reprint or reproduction, but an original work in its own right. Supplied without title page or cover. Category: British Association for the Advancement of Science; Cosmo Books : 29 years on ABE, 47 years taking care of customers. A bookseller you can rely on.

Condizione: New.

Condizione: New.

Condizione: As New. Unread book in perfect condition.

Hardcover. Condizione: Fair. No Jacket. First Edition. a worn and much used copy. the spine has been repaired. foxing and markings. a few stamps. contents are complete and legible. may require extra postage. [SK]. Our orders are shipped using tracked courier delivery services.

Condizione: As New. Unread book in perfect condition.

Hardback. Condizione: VG. Condizione sovraccoperta: No DW. 1st Edition. Book is in very good condition with minor signs of wear and/or age. A little cover wear.

London, Macmillan & Co. Ltd., 1939. [3],43 pp. 24 b./w. figs & 7 b./w. plts. Orig. hardcover (green h.cloth, gilt lettered on spine). 4to. - Front - and back cover rubbed.; some foxing.Supplementary paper published for the subscribers to the British School at Rome. - Text in English.

Cloth. Condizione: Very Good Indeed. Not stated (illustratore). First edition. A first edition of this heavily illustrated work about the Porta Argentariorum, an ancient Roman arch commissioned by money-changers. A first edition of this illustrated work on the Arcus Argentariorum, an ancient Roman arch that was partly incorporated to the Western wall of the San Giorgio al Velabro in Rome in the seventeenth century. As the dedicatory inscription indicates, the arch was commissioned by the local money-changers and merchants in honour of Septimius Severus and his family. Alongside an analysis of this inscription, Haynes and Hirst offer a detailed description of the gate, its relief sculpture, and the legends associated with it. The majority of the pages are untrimmed. There is a tear in the title page to the top edge. In a green quarter cloth binding over hard boards. Externally, smart. Lightly rubbed to the spine, a little more so to the joints and the head of the spine, with some marginal bumping to the extremities. Internally, firmly bound. Aside from some light foxing to the endpapers, pages are bright and clean. Very Good Indeed. book.

Hardcover. Condizione: Good. English CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 10 v PREFACE vii EDMUND GEORGE VINCENT PERCIVAL xiii The Stereochemistry of Cyclic Derivatives of Carbohydrates BY J. A. MILLS, Department of Biochemistry and General Nutrition, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Adelaide, Australia I. Introduction 1 II. Nomenclature and Methods of Illustration 2 III. Steric Requirements of Reactions 2 IV. Fundamental Properties of Rings 3 V. Cyclic Acetals 6 VI. Anhydro Compounds 10 25 Column Chromatography of Sugars and Their Derivatives 46 BY W. W. BINKLEY, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio I. Introduction 55 II. Adsorbents for the Column Chromatography of Sugars, Sugar Alcohols, and Sugar Acids 55 III. Column Chromatography of Sugar Derivatives 66 79 Glycosylamines BY G. P. ELLIS AND JOHN HONEYMAN, Department of Chemistry, King's College, University of London, England I. Introduction 95 II. Nomenclature 95 III. Preparation 95 IV. Physical Properties 96 V. Structure 96 VI. Diacosylamines 97 VII. Dialdose Derivatives of Aldoses 101 VIII. Uses of Glycosylamines 102 IX. Tables of Properties of Glycosylamines 120 121 The Amadori Rearrangement 125 BY JOHN E. HODGE, Northern Utilization Research Branch, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois I. Introduction 169 ix II. Nomenclature 172 III. Scope of the Reaction 173 IV. Experimental Methods 175 V. Mechanism of the Reaction 178 VI. Physical Properties of Amadori Rearrangement Products 182 VII. Chemical Properties of Amadori Rearrangement Products 187 VIII. Proof of Structure of Amadori Rearrangement Products 199 IX. Retroposed and the Future 201 X. Tables of Compounds 203 The Glycosyl Halides and Their Derivatives BY L. J. HAYNES, The University, Edinburgh, Scotland AND F. H. NEWTH, The University, Cambridge, England I. Introduction 207 II. Preparation of Glycosyl Halide Derivatives 207 III. Structure of Glycosyl Halides 209 IV. Properties of Glycosyl Halides 229 V. Reaction Mechanism and Effect of Structure on Reaction Rates 233 VI. Reactions of the Poly-O-acylglycosyl Halides 239 VII. Tables of Properties of Some Glycosyl Halide Derivatives 239 246 The Methyl Ethers of the Aldopentoses and of Rhamnose and Fucose BY GEORGE G. MAHER, Research Laboratories, Clinton Foods Inc., Clinton, Iowa Table I 257 Table II 257 Table III 257 Table IV 261 Table V 262 Table VI 265 Table VII 266 Table VIII 266 268 The Methyl Ethers of D-Galactose 269 BY GEORGE G. MAHER, Research Laboratories, Clinton Foods Inc., Clinton, Iowa Table I 273 Table II 273 Table III 273 Table IV 277 279 Polysaccharides Associated with Wood Cellulose 279 BY W. J. POLGLASE, Department of Biochemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada I. Introduction 283 II. Carbohydrate Constituents of Wood 283 III. Carbohydrates in Wood Cellulose 283 IV. Preparation and Composition of Wood Cellulose 285 V. Fine Structure of Wood Cellulose 287 316 and Associated Polysaccharides 328 The Chemistry of Heparin BY A. B. FOSTER, Chemistry Department, The University, Birmingham, England AND A. J. HUGGARD, Chemistry Department, The University, Birmingham, England AND J. M. WEBBER, Chemistry Department, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio I. Introduction 335 II. Occurrence 336 III. The Discovery of Heparin 336 IV. The Biological Potentiation of Heparin 336 V. The Structure of Heparin 336 VI. The Biological Activity of Heparin 337 VII. The Biosynthesis of Mucopolysaccharides 348 AUTHOR INDEX 350 SUBJECT INDEX 367 CONTENTS OF VOLUMES 1-9 369 391 435.

Hardcover. Condizione: Good. English CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 13 v PREFACE vii CARL NEUBERG 1 Formation and Cleavage of the Oxygen Ring in Sugars F. SHAFIZADEH I. Introduction 9 II. Formation and Hydrolysis of Aldonolactones 9 III. Formation and Hydrolysis of the Aldosides 19 IV. Nitrous Acid Deamination of Amino Sugars 24 41 The Lobry De Bruyn-Alberda Van Ekenstein Transformation JOHN C. SPECK, JR. I. Introduction 63 II. Scope 63 III. Side Reactions 68 IV. Catalysts 73 V. Uses of the Transformation for Synthesis 79 VI. Investigations of the Mechanism 82 VII. Present Status of the Mechanism 84 90 The Formazan Reaction in Carbohydrate Research L. MESTER I. Introduction 105 II. Preparation and Structure of Sugar Formazans 105 III. Identification of Aldoses and the Form of Formazans 109 IV. Preparation of Sugar Tetrazolium Compounds 113 V. Preparation of Aldobionic and Aldotrionic Phenylhydrazides 115 VI. Structure of Sugar Phenylhydrazones 118 VII. Structure of Sugar Phenylosazoncs 125 VIII. The Formazan Reaction of Periodate-oxidized Sugar Derivatives 129 IX. The Formazan Reaction of Oxidized Polysaccharides 148 X. Preparation and Use of the Tetrazolium and Carbothionic Acid Phenylhydrazide Derivatives of the Oxidized Polysaccharides and the Metal Complexes of their Formazans 156 ix The Four-Carbon Saccharinic Acids JAMES D. CHICH I. Introduction 169 II. Synthesis of the Four-Carbon Saccharinic Acids 169 III. Table of Properties of the Four-Carbon Saccharinic Acids and their Derivatives 172 187 The Methyl Ethers of 2-Amino-2-Deoxy Sugars ROGER W. JEANLOZ I. Introduction 189 II. The Methyl Ethers of D-Glucosamine 189 III. The Methyl Ethers of L-Glucosamine 191 IV. The Methyl Ethers of D-Galactosamine 193 V. The Methyl Ethers of D-Allosamine 199 VI. The Methyl Ethers of D-Altrosamine 202 VII. Analytical Properties 202 VIII. Tables of Properties of the Methyl Ethers of 2-Amino-2-deoxy Sugars 202 203 Glycosyl Ureides IRVING GOODMAN I. Introduction 215 II. Nomenclature 215 III. Formation 216 IV. Physical Properties 217 V. Structural and Chemical Properties 227 VI. General 229 VII. Tables of Glycosyl Ureides and Related Compounds 232 233 The Neuraminic Acids Neuraminic Acids and Related Compounds (Sialic Acids) E. ZILLIKEN AND M. W. WHITEHOUSE I. Introduction 237 II. Occurrence and Distribution 237 III. Isolation and Determination 241 IV. Structure and Chemistry 246 V. Biosynthesis and Metabolism 250 VI. Neuraminidases 252 VII. Biochemistry 257 VIII. Conclusion 259 263 Polysaccharide Hydrocolloids of Commerce LEONARD STOLOFF I. Introduction 265 II. Terminology and Definition 265 III. Hydrocolloids in Commercial Use 265 IV. Market Summary 266 V. Usage Trends 267 287 287 Alkaline Degradation of Polysaccharides ROY L. WHISTLER AND J. N. BEMILLER I. Introduction 289 II. Action of Alkali on Reducing End-units 289 III. Effects of Alkali on Hydroxyl Groups 289 IV. Effects of Linkages on Polysaccharide Degradation 294 V. Products from Polysaccharide Degradation 294 VI. Effects of Alkali on Oxidized Polysaccharides 296 VII. Polysaccharides which are Degraded by Alkali Through a Carbonyl Mechanism 306 VIII. Alkaline Fragmentation Reactions of Carbohydrates Lacking a Free Carbonyl 315 IX. Action of Urethane Bases on Sugars 323 326 Starch Nitrate 328 GEORGE V. CAESAR Article starts on 331 AUTHOR INDEX FOR VOLUME 13 331 SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLUME 13 347 CUMULATIVE AUTHOR INDEX FOR VOLUMES 1-12 362 CUMULATIVE SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLUMES 1-12 376 ERRATA 381 387.

Hardcover. Condizione: Good. English ADVANCES IN CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY Editor MELVILLE L. WOLFROM Associate Editor R. STUART TIPSON Board of Advisors R. C. HOCKETT C. B. PURVES W. W. PIGMAN ROY L. WHISTLER Board of Advisors for the British Isles E. L. HIRST STANLEY PEAT MAURICE STACEY Volume 18 1963 ACADEMIC PRESS NEW YORK and LONDON Emile Bourquelot CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 18 v PREFACE vii EMILE BOURQUELOT 1 Photochemistry of Carbohydrates GLYN O. PHILLIPS I. Introduction 9 II. Photochemical Primary Processes 10 III. Water 18 IV. Compounds Structurally Related to Carbohydrates 26 V. Photodegradation of Carbohydrates 34 VI. Cellulose 43 VII. Primary Processes 49 Paper Electrophoresis of Carbohydrates H. WEIGEL I. Introduction 61 II. Specificity of Electrolytes 62 III. Electrolytes Not Affecting Ionic Complexes 82 IV. Description of Tables 82 Chemistry of Osotriazoles HASSAN EL KHADEM I. Introduction 99 II. Structure 100 III. Formation 102 IV. Mechanism of Formation 105 V. Reactions 108 VI. Uses 113 Developments in the Chemistry of Thio Sugars D. HORTON AND D. H. HUTSON I. Introduction 123 II. 1-Thioglycosides 124 III. 1-Thioaldoses 152 IV. Synthesis and Reactions of Thio Sugars (Excluding 1-Thio Sugar Derivatives) 160 ix Trehaloses GORDON G. BIRCH I. Introduction 201 II. Occurrence 204 III. Isolation and Chemical Syntheses 206 IV. Structure 206 V. Physical Properties 213 VI. Chemical Properties 216 VII. Biosynthesis of the Trehaloses 218 VIII. General Biochemistry of the Trehaloses 221 222 Naturally Occurring C-Glycosyl Compounds L. J. HAYNES I. Introduction 227 II. Nomenclature 227 III. Isolation Procedures 227 IV. Determination of Structure 228 V. Individual C-Glycosyl Compounds 239 251 Chemistry of the Amino Sugars Derived from Antibiotic Substances JAMES D. DUTCHER I. Introduction 259 II. Classification of the Carbohydrate-containing Antibiotics 259 III. Chemistry of the Various Groups Containing Antibiotics 261 261 Biosynthesis of Saccharides from Glycopyranosyl Esters of Nucleotides ("Sugar Nucleotides") ELIZABETH F. NEUFELD AND W. Z. HASSID I. Introduction 309 II. Chemistry of Glycosyl Esters of Nucleotides 309 III. Occurrence of Glycosyl Esters of Nucleotides 311 IV. Enzymic Synthesis of Glycosyl Esters of Nucleotides 314 V. Synthesis of Disaccharides 323 VI. Synthesis of Oligosaccharides 325 VII. Synthesis of Polysaccharides 327 Addendum 332 340 356 Physical Properties of Solutions of Polysaccharides W. BANKS AND C. T. GREENWOOD I. Introduction 357 II. The Determination of Polymer Homogeneity 357 III. The Determination of Molecular Dimensions 358 IV. Conclusions 370 397 AUTHOR INDEX FOR VOLUME 18 SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLUME 18 399 CUMULATIVE AUTHOR INDEX FOR VOLUMES 1-18 423 CUMULATIVE SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLUMES 1-18 442 ERRATA 448 456.

Hardcover. Condizione: Good. English CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 8 v PREFACE vii JAMES COLQUHOUN IRVINE xi Relative Reactivities of Hydroxyl Groups of Carbohydrates BY JAMES M. SUGIHARA, Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah I. Introduction 1 II. Configurational Relationships and Neighboring-group Effects 2 III. Selective Etherification 16 IV. Selective Esterification and Hydrolysis 24 V. Selective Oxidation 38 VI. Conclusions 44 The Chemistry of the 2-Desoxysugars BY W. G. OVEREND, The Pennsylvania State College, U. S. A., and Chemistry Department, University of Birmingham, England, AND M. STACEY, Chemistry Department, University of Birmingham, England I. Introduction 45 II. Nomenclature 46 III. Occurrence and Isolation 49 IV. Detection 53 V. Synthesis of 2-Deoxysugars 66 VI. Transformation Products 91 Sulfonic Esters of Carbohydrates BY R. STUART TIPSON, Department of Research in Organic Chemistry, Mellon Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania I. Introduction 108 II. Methods for Sulfonylation of Carbohydrates 111 III. Physical Properties and Chemical Stability 140 IV. Reductive Desulfonylation and Desulfonylosylation 161 V. Action of Some Alkaline Reagents on Sulfonic Esters 165 VI. Action of Alkali-Metal Halides on Sulfonic Esters 180 VII. Action of Other Salts on Sulfonic Esters 212 The Methyl Ethers of D-Mannose BY G. O. ASPINALL, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland I. Introduction 217 II. Monomethyl-D-mannoses 218 III. Dimethyl-D-mannoses 220 IV. Trimethyl-D-mannoses 224 V. Tetramethyl-D-mannoses 228 ix The Chemical Synthesis of D-Glucuronic Acid BY C. L. MEHLTRETTER, Northern Regional Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Administration, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois I. Introduction 231 II. Reduction of 1,D-D-Glucosaccharolactone 233 III. Oxidation of D-Glucose Derivatives by Various Agents 236 D-Glucuronic Acid in Metabolism BY H. G. BRAY, Department of Physiology, Medical School of the University, Birmingham, England I. Introduction 251 II. D-Glucuronide Formation in Vivo 252 III. Structure of Glucuronides 254 IV. Origin of D-Glucuronic Acid and Mechanism of D-Glucuronide Synthesis 257 V. Site of D-Glucuronide Formation 259 VI. Kinetics of D-Glucuronide Formation 260 VII. Enzymes and D-Glucuronide Formation 261 The Substituted-Sucrose Structure of Melezitose BY EDWARD J. HEHRE, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York I. Introduction 277 II. The Concept of Structural Relationship of Melezitose and Sucrose 277 III. A Bacterial Degradation of Melezitose to Sucrose 278 IV. Melezitose Degradation by Cell-free Proteus Enzymes 282 V. Melezitose as a Sucrose-ended Sugar 287 288 Composition of Cane Juice and Cane Final Molasses BY W. W. BINKLEY AND M. L. WOLFROM, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio I. Introduction 291 II. Composition of Cane Juice 291 III. Composition of Cane Final Molasses 292 303 Seaweed Polysaccharides BY T. MORI, Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan I. Introduction 315 II. Agar 315 III. Mucilage of Dilsea Edulis 316 IV. Carrageenan 317 V. Fucodin 328 VI. Laminarin 330 VII. Other Polysaccharides 340 AUTHOR INDEX 344 SUBJECT INDEX 347 ERRATA 351 Contents of Volumes 1-7 370 405 406.

Hardcover. Condizione: Good. English CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 16 v PREFACE vii HAROLD HIBBERT 1 Radiation Chemistry of Carbohydrates GLYN O. PHILLIPS I. Introduction 13 II. Primary and Secondary Effects of Radiation 14 III. The Effect of Radiation on Compounds Related to Carbohydrates 22 IV. The Effect of Radiation on Carbohydrates 32 Applications of Trifluoroacetic Anhydride in Carbohydrate Chemistry T. G. BONNER I. Introduction 59 II. Trifluoroacetylation with Trifluoroacetic Anhydride 60 III. The Trifluoroacetyl Group as a Blocking Group 63 IV. Acylation with Carboxylic Acid-Trifluoroacetic Anhydride Mixtures 67 V. Selective Ring-opening of Acetone and Acyloxylic Acid-Trifluoroacetic Anhydride Mixtures 69 VI. The Synthesis of Linear Polymeric Esters from Cyclic Trimethylene Acetals and Dibasic Carboxylic Acids 77 VII. The Mechanism of Acylation by Acyl Trifluoroacetates 79 Glycosyl Fluorides and Azides FRITZ MICHEEL AND ALMUTH KLEMER I. Introduction 85 II. Preparation of the Glycosyl Fluorides 86 III. Reactions of the Glycosyl Fluorides 88 IV. The ?-Fluoro Carbohydrates 95 V. The Aldosyl Azides 95 VI. Tables of Properties of Glycosyl Fluoride Derivatives 97 ix The "Dialdehydes" From the Periodate Oxidation of Carbohydrates R. D. GUTHRIE I. Introduction 105 II. Nomenclature 106 III. General Properties of the Oxidation Products 108 IV. Oxidation Products from Monosaccharide Derivatives and Related Compounds 134 V. Oxidation Products from Di-, Tri-, and Oligo-saccharides 137 VI. Oxidation Products from Polysaccharides 153 VII. Alkaline Degradation of Periodate-oxidized Carbohydrates 157 VIII. Uses of Periodate-oxidized Carbohydrates 159 Lactose JOHN R. CLAMP, L. HOUGH, JOHN L. HICKSON, AND ROY L. WHISTLER I. Introduction 159 II. The Structure of Lactose 160 III. Occurrence and Biochemistry 165 IV. Chemical Properties of Lactose 181 V. Some Physical Properties of Lactose 201 Glycolipids of Acid-Fast Bacteria EDGAR LEDERER I. Introduction 207 II. Chemistry of Glycolipids of Acid-fast Bacteria 209 III. Biological Activities of Glycolipids of Acid-fast Bacteria 290 Galactosidases KURT WALLENFELS AND OM PRAKASH MALHOTRA I. Introduction 239 II. ?-Galactosidases 240 III. ?-Galactosidases 290 The Fractionation of Starch J. MUETGEERT I. Introduction 299 II. Fractionation by Complexing Agents 309 III. Fractionation by Leaching Techniques 306 IV. Fractionation by Fractional Precipitation 309 V. Industrial Methods of Fractionation 325 VI. General Conclusions 332 Carbohydrates in the Soil N. C. MEHTA, P. DUBACH AND H. DEUEL I. Introduction 335 II. Isolation and Characterization 337 III. Quantitative Determination 344 IV. Source and Transformations 348 V. State and Function 352 VI. Summary 354 365 AUTHOR INDEX FOR VOLUME 16 378 SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLUME 16 390 CUMULATIVE AUTHOR INDEX FOR VOLUMES 1-16 402 CUMULATIVE SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLUMES 1-16 410 ERRATA.

Hardcover. Condizione: Good. English ADVANCES IN CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY Editor MELVILLE L. WOLFROM Associate Editor R. STUART TIPSON Board of Advisors R. C. HOCKETT C. B. PURVES W. W. PIGMAN ROY L. WHISTLER Board of Advisors for the British Isles E. L. HIRST STANLEY PEAT MAURICE STACEY Volume 19 1964 ACADEMIC PRESS NEW YORK and LONDON Alva Thompson CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 19 v PREFACE vii ALVA THOMPSON 1 Crystal-structure Analysis in Carbohydrate Chemistry G. A. JEFFREY AND R. D. ROSENSTEIN I. Introduction 7 II. Determination of Configuration 7 III. Determination of Conformation 8 IV. Measurement of Bond Lengths and Valency Angles 11 V. Hydrogen Bonding and Molecular Packing 15 19 Infrared Spectroscopy and Carbohydrate Chemistry H. SPEDDING I. Introduction 23 II. Experimental 23 III. Interpretation 27 IV. Applications 33 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance L. D. HALL I. Introduction 51 II. Development and Applications to Carbohydrates 51 III. Experimental Techniques 65 Addendum 82 91 Gas-Liquid Chromatography of Carbohydrate Derivatives C. T. BISHOP I. Introduction 95 II. General Methods 96 III. Classes of Carbohydrate Derivatives 96 IV. Structure and Mobility 105 V. Applications 127 VI. Liquid Phases 129 VII. Conclusions 141 145 ix The Action of Hydrogen Peroxide on Carbohydrates and Related Compounds G. J. MOODY I. Introduction 149 II. Hydrogen Peroxide Without a Catalyst 150 III. Hydrogen Peroxide With a Catalyst 156 IV. Summary 177 3-Deoxyglycosuloses (3-Deoxyhexosones) and the Degradation of Carbohydrates E. F. L. J. ANET I. Introduction 181 II. Nomenclature 182 III. 3-Deoxy-D-erythro-hexosulose 183 IV. Compounds Derived from 3-Deoxy-D-erythro-hexosulose 188 V. Other 3-Deoxyglycosuloses 198 VI. Identification and Determination 199 VII. Significance in the Degradation of Carbohydrates 200 Structure and Some Reactions of Cellulose DAVID M. JONES I. Introduction 219 II. The Crystal Structure of Cellulose 219 III. Fine Structure of Cellulose 221 IV. Reactivity of Cellulose 226 V. Reactions of Cellulose 230 VI. Miscellaneous 244 Wood Hemicelluloses: Part I T. E. TIMELL I. Introduction 247 II. O-Acetyl-4-O-methylglucuronoxylans 251 III. Hardwood Glucomannans 255 IV. Other Hardwood Hemicelluloses 290 The Pneumococcal Polysaccharides M. J. HOW, J. S. BRIMACOMBE, AND M. STACEY I. Introduction 303 II. Structural Studies 303 III. Biosynthesis of Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharides 308 Addendum 353 356 AUTHOR INDEX FOR VOLUME 19 359 SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLUME 19 379 CUMULATIVE AUTHOR INDEX FOR VOLUMES 1-19 400 CUMULATIVE SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLUMES 1-10 405 ERRATA AND ADDENDUM 415.

Hardcover. Condizione: Good. English CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 15 v PREFACE vii EMIL HEUSER 1 Constitution and Physicochemical Properties of Carbohydrates B. CAPON AND W. G. OVEREND I. Introduction 1 II. Evidence for Assigning Conformations to Sugars 7 III. Properties of One Conformationally Distinct Species Relative to Another 11 IV. Properties of One Chemically Distinct Species Relative to Another 16 V. Properties of a Ground State Relative to a Transition State 20 29 Methods in Structural Polysaccharide Chemistry HANS O. BOUVENG AND BENGT LINDBERG I. Introduction 53 II. Isolation and Purification 53 III. Identification of Components 53 IV. Methylation with Analysis 53 V. Partial Hydrolysis 54 VI. Oxidation with Periodate and with Lead Tetraacetate 54 VII. Other Methods 57 59 The Carbonates and Thiocarbonates of Carbohydrates I. HOUGH, J. E. PACKER AND R. S. THOMASS I. Introduction 91 II. Nomenclature ix III. Factors Affecting the Choice of a Preparative Method 98 IV. The Preparation of Carbonates 112 V. The Preparation of Thiocarbonates 132 VI. Comparative Survey of Properties of Carbonates and Thiocarbonates 143 VII. Tables of Carbonates and Thiocarbonates 150 Tables of Properties of 2-Amino-2-Deoxy Sugars and Their Derivatives D. HORTON Tables start on 159 References 196 Bacterial Nucleosides and Nucleotides J. JOKSEN AND B. LALAND I. Introduction 201 II. Methods for the Isolation of Nucleosides and Nucleotides 203 III. Adenine-containing Nucleotides 204 IV. Nucleoside Glycosyl Dihydrogen Pyrophosphates 204 V. Nucleosides and Nucleotides in the Presence of Growth Inhibitors 221 VI. Nucleosides and Nucleotides in Mutants and in Infected Cells 227 VII. Bacterial Enzymes Acting on Nucleosides and Nucleotides 228 VIII. Miscellaneous 233 The Biosynthesis of Aromatic Compounds from D-Glucose DAVID B. SPRINSON I. Introduction 235 II. Discovery of the Role of Shikimic Acid in the Formation of Aromatic Compounds 237 III. Biosynthesis of Shikimic Acid 239 IV. Condensation of D-Erythrose 4-Phosphate and Enolpyruvate Phosphate 247 V. Formation of 5-Dehydroquinic Acid from 3-Deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonic Acid 7-Phosphate 255 VI. Conversion of 5-Dehydroquinic Acid to Shikimic Acid 238 VII. Conversion of Shikimic Acid to Aromatic Amino Acids 259 VIII. Shikimic Acid as an Intermediate in the Biosynthesis of Natural Products Other than Amino Acids 267 Polysaccharides of Gram-negative Bacteria D. A. L. DAVIES I. Introduction 271 II. Experimental Methods 274 III. Physical State of the Products 279 IV. The Monosaccharide Units 289 V. Specific Polysaccharides 297 VI. Immunological Studies 329 VII. Polysaccharides of Some Variant Cultures 332 VIII. Miscellaneous Polymers 334 IX. Conclusion 338 Dextran: Structure and Synthesis W. BROCK NEELY I. Introduction 341 II. Historical Review 342 III. Source and Preparation of Dextran 343 IV. Structural Studies 355 V. Enzymic Synthesis 366 VI. Uses 369 Chitin A. B. FOSTER AND J. M. WEBBER I. Introduction 371 II. Occurrence of Chitin 372 xii III. Isolation of Chitin 378 IV. Properties and Structure of Chitin 379 V. Composition of Chitin 385 VI. Derivatives of Chitin 390 VII. Chemical Uses of Chitin and Chitosan 417 VIII. Uses of Chitin and Chitosan 432 IX. Biosynthesis 435 445 AUTHOR INDEX FOR VOLUME 15 445 SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLUME 15 CUMULATIVE AUTHOR INDEX FOR VOLUMES 1-15 CUMULATIVE SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLUMES 1-15 ERRATA.

Hardcover. Condizione: Good. English CONTENTS Contributors to Volume 12 v Preface vii Phoebus Aaron Theodor Levene 1 Infrared Spectra of Carbohydrates BY W. BROCK NEELY, G. D. Searle and Company, Chicago, Illinois I. Introduction 13 II. Molecular Spectra 13 III. Infrared Spectra 14 IV. Interpretation of Infrared Spectra of Carbohydrates 15 V. Application of Infrared Spectroscopy to Carbohydrates 21 29 The Saccharinic Acids BY JOHN C. SOWDEN, Department of Chemistry, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri I. Introduction 36 II. The Individual Acids 36 III. Mechanism of Formation of Saccharinic Acids 38 IV. Table of Properties of Saccharinic Acid Derivatives 62 70 Zone Electrophoresis of Carbohydrates BY A. B. FOSTER, Chemistry Department, The University of Birmingham, England I. Introduction 81 II. Technique of Zone Electrophoresis 81 III. Zone Electrophoresis of Carbohydrates in the Presence of Borate 83 IV. Zone Electrophoresis of Carbohydrates in the Presence of Complexing Agents Other than Borate 86 V. Determination of Molecular Size of Carbohydrates by Zone Electrophoresis 106 VI. Zone Electrophoresis of Carbohydrates on Glass Paper 107 VII. Zone Electrophoresis of Polysaccharides 109 VIII. Separations of Carbohydrates on Ion-exchange Resins 110 114 Sugar Nitrates BY JOHN HONEYMAN AND J. W. W. MORGAN, Chemistry Department, King's College, University of London, England I. Introduction 117 ix II. Preparation 118 III. Physical Properties 122 IV. Analysis 124 V. Reactions 134 VI. Uses 134 Benzyl Ethers of Sugars BY CHESTER M. MCCLOSKEY, California Institute of Technology and Office of Naval Research, Pasadena, California I. Introduction 137 II. Preparation 142 III. Hydrogenolysis 148 IV. Chemical Properties 150 V. Physical Properties 153 Methyl and Phenyl Glycosides of the Common Sugars BY J. CONCHIE, G. A. LEVVY AND C. A. MARSH, Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeenshire, Scotland I. Introduction 158 II. Preparation of Sugar Derivatives Employed in Glycoside Synthesis 158 III. Condensations of Alcohols and Phenols with Sugar Derivatives 163 IV. Deacetylation of Glycoside Acetates 171 V. Special Methods of Glycoside Synthesis 174 VI. Description of Tables 178 The Schardinger Dextrins BY DEXTER FRENCH, Department of Chemistry, Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa I. Introduction 190 II. Historical Review 192 III. Fractionation and Purification of the Schardinger Dextrins 211 IV. Bacillus macerans Amylase 219 V. Other Biochemical Properties of the Schardinger Dextrins 221 VI. Molecular Size of the Schardinger Dextrins 234 VII. Molecular Constitution 243 VIII. Complex Formation and Inclusion Compounds 245 IX. Ring Conformation in the Schardinger Dextrins 247 X. Derivatives of the Schardinger Dextrins 252 XI. Significance of the Schardinger Dextrins with Respect to the Constitution and Behavior of Starch 254 257 The Molecular Structure of Glycogens BY D. J. MANNERS, Department of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland I. Introduction 262 II. Physicochemical Properties 274 III. Structural Analysis by Chemical Methods 280 IV. Structural Analysis by Enzymic Methods 284 V. Molecular Structure of Glycogens 289 VI. Biological Synthesis 296 VII. Summary and Conclusions 298 The Biosynthesis of Hyaluronic Acid BY ROY L. WHISTLER AND E. L. OLSON, Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana I. Introduction 299 II. Metabolism of D-Glucuronic Acid 304 III. Metabolism of D-Glucosamine 308 IV. Biosynthesis of Hyaluronic Acid 315 Author Index for Volume 12 321 Subject Index for Volume 12 337 Cumulative Author Index for Volumes 1-11 357 Cumulative Subject Index for Volumes 1-11 361 Errata 367.

Hardcover. Condizione: Good. English CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 11 v PREFACE vii KURT HEINRICH MEYER xiii Periodate Oxidation of Carbohydrates BY J. M. BOBBITT, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio I. Introduction 1 II. History 1 III. Definition of the Reaction 1 IV. Application 2 V. Reaction Conditions 5 VI. Methods of Analysis 18 VII. Course of the Reaction 27 VIII. Conclusion 32 39 The Osones 40 BY S. BAYNE AND J. A. FEWSTER, Department of Biochemistry, The United College of St. Salvator and St. Leonard, The University, St. Andrews, Scotland I. Introduction 43 II. D- and L-Glucosone 44 III. Tetrooses 45 IV. Pentosones 83 V. 6-Deoxyhexosones 83 VI. Hexosones Other than Glucosone 85 VII. Heptosones 86 VIII. Disaccharide Osones 86 IX. Structure of Osones 87 88 Reactions of Monosaccharides With beta-Ketonic Esters and Related Substances 91 BY F. GARCÍA GONZÁLEZ, Cátedra de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain I. Introduction 97 II. Reaction of Aldoses with Dicarbonyl Compounds 97 III. Reaction of Ketoses with beta-Ketonic Esters 99 IV. Reactions of Hydroxycarbonyl Compounds 106 V. Reactions of 2-Amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose with Ethyl Acetoacetate 106 VI. Properties of the Reaction Products 107 VII. Possible Mechanism of the Reactions 107 ix 109 122 VIII. Conclusions 127 IX. Experimental Details 128 X. Tables 134 Kojic Acid BY ANDREW BEELIK, Division of Industrial and Cellulose Chemistry, McGill University, and the Wood Chemistry Division, Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada I. Introduction 145 II. Discovery and Proof of Structure 146 III. Formation 149 IV. Properties 161 The Biosynthesis of the Monosaccharides BY L. HOUGH, Department of Chemistry, The University, Bristol, England, and J. K. N. JONES, Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada I. Introduction 185 II. Hexoses 193 III. Tetroses, Pentoses, and Heptoses 215 IV. Hexuronic Acids and Ascorbic Acid 238 V. Aminodeoxy Sugars 243 VI. Deoxy Sugars 247 VII. Conclusions 250 Branched-Chain Sugars of Natural Occurrence BY F. SHAFIZADEH, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio I. Introduction 263 II. Nomenclature 264 III. 2-C-(Hydroxymethyl)-D-ribose (Hamamelose) 264 IV. Dideoxy-6-C-methylhexoses 271 V. 3-C-(Hydroxymethyl)hexoses 271 VI. 3-C-Formylpentoses 275 278 Nucleic Acids BY G. R. BARKER, The University of Manchester, England I. Introduction 285 II. Nucleosides 285 III. Nucleotides 286 IV. Polynucleotides 293 307 Aspects of the Physical Chemistry of Starch BY C. T. GREENWOOD, Department of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland I. Introduction 335 II. Problems Inherent in Starch Chemistry 336 III. The Fractionation of Starch 336 342 IV. The Chemical Characterization of the Starch Components 347 V. Properties of the Starch Components in Solution 354 VI. Properties of Starch and its Components in the Solid State 376 VIII. Conclusions 380 Addendum The Size and Shape of Some Polysaccharide Molecules I. Introduction 385 II. The Molecular Weights of Polysaccharides Containing One Type of Structural Unit 386 III. The Molecular Weights of Polysaccharides Containing More Than One Type of Structural Unit 391 AUTHOR INDEX 395 SUBJECT INDEX 421 CUMULATIVE AUTHOR INDEX (Vols. 1 TO 10) 456 CUMULATIVE SUBJECT INDEX (Vols. 1 TO 10) 460 ERRATA AND ADDENDA 465.

Hardcover. Condizione: Good. English CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 14 v PREFACE vii GÉZA ZEMPLÉN 1 Action of Lead Tetraacetate on the Sugars A. S. PERLIN I. Introduction 9 II. Mechanism of Glycol-cleavage Oxidation by Lead Tetraacetate 11 III. Oxidative Cleavage of cis-Diols in Acyclic Systems 15 IV. Oxidative Cleavage of cis-Diols in Alicyclic Systems 20 V. Oxidative Cleavage of Nitrogen-containing Carbohydrates 53 VI. Experimental Conditions 58 The Maillard Reaction G. P. ELLIS I. Introduction 63 II. Nomenclature 66 III. Scope of the Reaction 66 IV. Experimental Methods 71 V. Reaction Conditions and Their Effects 74 VI. Comparative Reactivity of Individual Sugars and Amino Acids 77 VII. Properties of Maillard Reaction Products 107 VIII. Mechanism and Kinetic Studies of the Reaction 110 IX. Summary and Conclusions 131 ix The Cyclitols S. J. ANGYAL AND LAURENS ANDERSON I. Introduction 139 II. The Inositols 141 III. Compounds Related to the Inositols 177 IV. The Quercitols 189 V. Physical Constants of the Cyclitols and Their Derivatives 191 Aspects of the Chemistry of the Amino Sugars A. B. FOSTER AND D. HORTON I. Introduction 211 II. Chemical Synthesis of 2-Amino-2-deoxy-aldoses 214 III. Amino Sugars from Natural Products 224 IV. General Chemistry of 2-Amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose 253 V. 2-Amino-2-deoxy-D-galactose 261 VI. Detection and Determination of Amino Sugars 263 VII. Oligosaccharides Containing Amino Sugars 269 Pyrimidine Nucleosides J. J. FOX AND I. WEMPEN I. Introduction 283 II. Scope and Nomenclature 283 III. The Structure of Pyrimidine Nucleosides Derived from Nucleic Acids 285 IV. Other Naturally Occurring Pyrimidine Nucleosides 285 V. Syntheses of Pyrimidine Nucleosides 318 VI. Table of Properties of 1-Glycosylpyrimidines 327 350 Preparation and Properties of ?-Glucuronidase G. A. LEVVY AND C. A. MARSH I. Introduction 381 II. Occurrence 383 III. Assay 300 IV. Purification 306 V. Location of the Enzyme in the Mammalian Cell, with Particular Reference to Activity Measurements 402 VI. Variation in Activity with pH 402 VII. Variation in Stability with pH and the Effect of Temperature 405 VIII. Dissociation Constants for Different Substrates 407 IX. Inhibitors and Activators 411 X. Mode of Action and Specificity 421 XI. Biosynthesis of ?-D-Glucosiduronic Acids and Related Polysaccharides 426 XII. Summary 427 Structural Chemistry of the Hemicelluloses G. O. ASPINALL I. Introduction 429 II. Xylans 430 III. Mannans and Glucomannans 448 IV. Galactans and Arabinogalactans 454 V. Other Polysaccharides 459 VI. Some Current Problems in Hemicellulose Chemistry 461 AUTHOR INDEX FOR VOLUME 14 495 SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLUME 14 497 CUMULATIVE AUTHOR INDEX FOR VOLUMES 1-13 511 CUMULATIVE SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLUMES 1-13 514 ERRATA 521.

Hardcover. Condizione: Good. English CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 17 v PREFACE vii HERMANN OTTO LAURENZ FISCHER 1 Higher-carbon Sugars J. M. WEBBER I. Introduction 15 II. Nomenclature 16 III. Synthesis of Higher Sugars 18 IV. Synthetic Higher Sugars 34 V. Detection and Determination of Higher-carbon Sugars 39 VI. Naturally Occurring Higher-carbon Sugars 43 VII. Structural Determination of Sedoheptuloses and Sedoheptulosans 50 VIII. Properties of the Higher-carbon Sugars 57 The Sugars of the Cardiac Glycosides T. REICHSTEIN AND EKKEHARD WEISS I. Introduction 65 II. The Monosaccharide Components 71 III. The Oligosaccharides 104 IV. Synthesis 114 V. Comparison with Other Natural Glycosides 119 Oligosaccharides R. W. BAILEY AND J. B. PRIDHAM I. Introduction 121 II. Determination of Oligosaccharide Structure 122 III. Tables of Oligosaccharides 148 ix Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Carbohydrates, Employing Platinum Catalysts K. HEYNS AND H. PAULSEN I. Introduction 169 II. The Mechanism of Catalytic Oxidation 171 III. Reaction Conditions for Catalytic Oxidations 173 IV. The Oxidation of Primary Hydroxyl Groups 181 V. The Oxidation of Secondary Hydroxyl Groups 201 Dicarbonyl Carbohydrates OLOF THEANDER I. Introduction 223 II. Nomenclature 224 III. Dialdehyde Compounds 225 IV. Osuloses Having Unsubstituted Carbonyl Groups 251 V. Osuloses Having Substituted Aldehyde Groups 264 VI. Diuloses 289 VII. Oxidized Polysaccharides 293 VIII. Tables of Dicarbonyl Carbohydrates and Derivatives 294 Purine Nucleosides JOHN A. MONTGOMERY AND H. JEANETTE THOMAS I. Introduction 301 II. The Structure of Purine Nucleosides Derived from Nucleic Acids 302 III. Other Naturally Occurring Purine Nucleosides 306 IV. Synthesis of Purine Nucleosides 313 V. Table of Preparation and Properties of Purine Nucleosides 341 Enzymic Synthesis and Degradation of Starch and Glycogen D. J. MANNERS I. Introduction 371 II. Enzymic Synthesis of Starch-type Polysaccharides 378 III. Enzymic Synthesis of Glycogen 397 IV. Enzymes Catalyzing the Degradation of Starch and Glycogen 407 V. Summary and Conclusions 429 AUTHOR INDEX FOR VOLUME 17 431 SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLUME 17 462 CUMULATIVE AUTHOR INDEX FOR VOLUMES 1-17 490 CUMULATIVE SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLUMES 1-17 496 ERRATA AND ADDENDA 504.

Hardcover. Condizione: Good. English CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 9 v PREFACE vii CLAUDE SILBERT HUDSON xiii Some Implications in Carbohydrate Chemistry of Theories Relating to the Mechanisms of Replacement Reactions BY R. U. LEMIEUX, Prairie Regional Laboratory, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada I. Introduction 1 II. The Nature and Activating Effect of Neighboring-group Participation in Reactions at the Lactol Carbon Atom 1 III. Anomerizations 2 IV. Replacements at the Lactol Carbon Atom 18 46 Alkali-Sensitive Glycosides BY CLINTON E. BALLOU, Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California I. Introduction 59 II. Glycosides of Phenols 59 III. Glycosides of Enols 66 IV. Glycosides of d-Substituted Alcohols 80 V. Alkaline Degradation of Oligosaccharides 88 91 The 2-Hydroxyglycals BY MARY GRACE BLAIR, State University of New York, New York State College for Teachers, Albany, New York I. Introduction 97 II. Preparation 97 III. Proof of Structure and Properties 99 IV. Reactions 103 V. Table of Properties of 2-Hydroxyglycals and Their Conversion Products 105 123 The Methyl Ethers of Hexuronic Acids BY G. O. ASPINALL, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland I. Introduction 131 II. The Methyl Ethers of D-Glucuronic Acid 131 III. The Methyl Ethers of D-Galacturonic Acid 133 IV. The Methyl Ethers of D-Mannuronic Acid 136 V. The Methyl Ethers of Galacturonic Acids 139 VI. Tables of Properties of Methyl Ethers of Hexuronic Acids and Their Derivatives 140 ix 144 The Raffinose Family of Oligosaccharides BY DEXTER FRENCH, Department of Chemistry, Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa I. Introduction 149 II. Enzymology of Raffinose Oligosaccharides 149 III. Optical Rotatory Relationships 154 IV. Correlation of Structure with Papergram Mobility 160 V. Melibiose 162 VI. Epimelibiose 162 VII. Raffinose 165 VIII. Planteose 166 IX. Manninotriose 167 X. Isolychnose 169 XI. Verbascose 170 XII. Related Saccharides 174 181 The Conjugates of D-Glucuronic Acid of Animal Origin BY ROBERT S. TEAGUE, Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Alabama, and School of Dentistry, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama I. Introduction 185 II. Natural Occurrence and Chemistry of D-Glucuronic Acid 186 III. Chemical Nature of Conjugates of D-Glucuronic Acid 187 IV. Metabolism of Conjugates of D-Glucuronic Acid 194 V. Physiological Considerations 208 238 Color and Turbidity of Sugar Products BY R. W. LIDDERT, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania AND VICTOR R. DEITZ, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C. I. Introduction 247 II. Basic Definitions and Terminology 247 III. Spectrophotometric Determinations 249 IV. Visual Appearance 249 V. Chemistry of the Colorant 253 VI. Concluding Remarks 262 268 Carboxymethylcellulose 283 BY J. V. KARABINOS AND MARJORIE HINDERT, Blockson Chemical Company, Joliet, Illinois I. Introduction 285 II. Manufacture of Carboxymethylcellulose 285 III. Structure and Physical Properties 287 IV. Analyses 285 V. Derivatives and Salts 286 VI. Industrial Uses of Carboxymethylcellulose 289 VII. Biological Uses and Properties of Carboxymethylcellulose and Derivatives 289 291 299 Paper Chromatography of Carbohydrates and Related Compounds BY GEORGE N. KOWKABANY, The Catholic University of America, Washington, D. C. I. Introduction 303 II. Theoretical Considerations 303 III. General Methods 304 IV. Conclusion 306 AUTHOR INDEX 313 SUBJECT INDEX 345 ERRATA 355 CONTENTS OF VOLUMES 1-8 373 423 424.

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