springer springer jan 1997 (325 risultati)

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This book presents an algebraic development of the theory of countable state space Markov chains with discrete- and continuous-time parameters. A Markov chain is a stochastic process characterized by the Markov prop erty that the distribution of future depends only on the current state, not on the whole history. Despite its simple form of dependency, the Markov property has enabled us to develop a rich system of concepts and theorems and to derive many results that are useful in applications. In fact, the areas that can be modeled, with varying degrees of success, by Markov chains are vast and are still expanding. The aim of this book is a discussion of the time-dependent behavior, called the transient behavior, of Markov chains. From the practical point of view, when modeling a stochastic system by a Markov chain, there are many instances in which time-limiting results such as stationary distributions have no meaning. Or, even when the stationary distribution is of some importance, it is often dangerous to use the stationary result alone without knowing the transient behavior of the Markov chain. Not many books have paid much attention to this topic, despite its obvious importance.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Henkin-Keisler models emanate from a modification of the Henkin construction introduced by Keisler to motivate the definition of ultraproducts. Keisler modified the Henkin construction at that point at which `new' individual constants are introduced and did so in a way that illuminates a connection between Henkin-Keisler models and ultraproducts. The resulting construction can be viewed both as a specialization of the Henkin construction and as an alternative to the ultraproduct construction. These aspects of the Henkin-Keisler construction are utilized here to present a perspective on ultraproducts and their applications accessible to the reader familiar with Henkin's proof of the completeness of first order logic and naive set theory. This approach culminates in proofs of various forms of the Keisler-Shelah characterizations of elementary equivalence and elementary classes via Henkin-Keisler models. The presentation is self-contained and proofs of more advanced results from set theory are introduced as needed. Audience: Logicians in philosophy, computer science, linguistics and mathematics.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - In the 15 years of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic much has been learnt about its natural history and complications. It is clear that the lung is a major target organ both for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and a wide array of infectious and non-infectious pulmonary complications. A great deal of information on the epidemiology, microbiology, immunology, clinical features, diagnosis and management of these pulmonary complications has accumulated during the past 15 years. Given the enormous explosion in information, it is now timely to bring together this knowledge in this 25-chapter volume on AIDS and respiratory medicine. The contributors to this volume are prominent epidemiologists, doctors, microbiologists and scientists from Europe, USA and Africa. Professors Chretien and Enarson give a masterful account of the epidemiology of lung complications of HIV. Drs Zumla, Rowland Jones and Professor McMichael give a detailed summary of the lung immune responses to HIV. They outline normal lung defenses and discuss the consequences of HIV infection on them. The pulmonary radiological features of HIV and its complications as seen in the USA and Europe are illustrated by Professors Armstrong and Dee and this is compared and contrasted by Professor Tshibwabwa-Tumba who brings together his vast experience of chest X-rays in AIDS patients from Central Africa. Drs O'Doherty and Miller deal with the uses, and potential applications, of nuclear medicine in imaging of the chest in AIDS patients.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Esteemed researchers from different European laboratories provide state-of-the-art studies on biology and ageing, along with guidelines for future investigations. They cover such issues in molecular gerontological research as regulation of gene expression from DNA to RNA to functional proteins, origin of various age-associated diseases, genetic regulation of ageing and longevity, and different mechanisms of defense and repair. Other contributions evaluate new technologies, including transgenic organisms, and the use of nutritional and chemical modulators of ageing and lifespan.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Forests comprise the greatest storage of carbon on land, provide fuel for millions, are the habitat for most terrestrial biodiversity, and are critical to the economies of many countries. Yet changes in the extent and dynamics of forests are inherently difficult to detect and quantify. Remote sensing technologies may facilitate the measurement of some key forest properties which, when combined with other information contained in various computer models, may allow for the quantification of critical forest functions. This book explores how remote sensing and computer modeling can be combined to estimate changes in the carbon storage, or productivity, of forests - from the level of the leaf to the level of the globe. Land managers, researchers, policy makers and students will all find stimulating discussions among an international set of experts at the cutting edge of the interface between science, technology and management.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Industrial: Industrial Protein Xray Crystallography: An Overview (J.D. Oliver) Recent Advances in the Use of Synchrotron Radiation for Protein Crystallography (R. Sweet). The Crystal Structures of Some New Forms of Aluminum Fluoride as Determined from Their Synchrotron Powder Diffraction Patterns (R.L. Harlow et al.). Synchrotron Radiationbased Research at the Dow Chemical Company (R.A. Bubeck et al.). Chemical: The Chemical Dynamics Beamline at the Advanced Light Source (A.G. Suits et al.). High Resolution Photoionization and Excitation Using Third Generation Radiation Sources (N. Berrah et al.). Recent Advances toward a Structural Model for the Photosynthetic Oxygenevolving Manganes Cluster (M.J. Latimer et al.). Cesium XAFS Studies of Solution Phase Csionophore Complexation (K.M. Kemner et al.). Materials Science: Studies of Magnetic Material with Circular Polarized Soft Xrays (V. Chakarian et al.). Resonant Photoemission in Polymers (J. Kikuma et al.). Characterization of the Complexation of Uranyl Ions with Humic Acids by Xray Absorption Spectroscopy (T. Reich et al.). Spectroscopic Studies of Lanthanide Coordination in Crystalline and Amorphous Phosphates (L.R. Morss et al.). 5 additional articles. Index.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Sensorialities: Information Extraction and Perceptual Grouping in the Auditory System; B.C.J. Moore. Ultrasonic Techniques for Environment Perception; D. Dotti. The Vestibular System; E. Mira. Perception and Integration: Integration and Storage of Sensory Motor Information: Computation in the Cerebellum; E. D¿Angelo. Field Computation and Sensory Fusion; V. Sanguineti, et al. Panel Summary-Plasticity and Reconfigurability in Sensory Systems; S. Vallerga, et al. Perception and Decision: Solving by Redundancy and Misunderstanding by Simplification; W. Gerbino. Perception for Decision or Decision for Perception ;B.Y. Zavidovique. Perception and Action: Integrating Reflexes and Voluntary Behaviors: Coordination and Adaptation Controls in Man; G.M. Gauthier, et al. Motion Perception as an Area Process; Y. Hermush, Y. Yeshurun. Perception and Representation: Representation and Integration of Multiple Knowledge Sources: Issues and Questions; C. Castelfranchi. Symbolic, Conceptual and Subconceptual Representations; P. Gardenfors. Percepton and Communication: Picture Icon and Word Icon; J.P. Rossi, G. Querrioux-Coulombier. Panel Summary. Characters, Pixels, and Phonemes; S. Levialdi, et al. 4 Additional Articles. 4 Panel Summaries. Index.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This text is an introduction to the feedback control of lightly damped flexible structures; the emphasis is placed on basic issues such as actuator and sensor selection, placement and dynamics, and actual implementation for solving practical problems. The book consists of 11 chapters; in chapters 2 to 5, the open-loop transfer functions of various active structures are derived from their constitutive equations; the discussion includes a truss and sandwich beams and plates with embedded piezoelectric actuators and sensors. The virtues of collocated actuator-sensor configurations are pointed out and used to develop active damping with guaranteed stability. Chapters 6 to 8 are devoted to the model-based control of SISO systems; optimal control is developed graphically using the symmetric root locus; the gain-phase relationship is discussed and the design tradeoffs are explained in the frequency domain. The issues of robustness with respect to the parametric uncertainty and the spillover instability are examined. After two short chapters on controllability (ch. 9) and stability (ch. 10), the book concludes with a set of applications to active damping and precision positioning of a set of aerospace, mechanical and civil engineering structures. The book is intended for structural engineers who want to acquire some background in vibration control; it can be used as a textbook for a graduate course on vibration control or active structures. The text is supplemented with 98 problems.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Representation and Retrieval of Video Data in Multimedia Systems brings together in one place important contributions and up-to-date research results in this important area. Representation and Retrieval of Video Data in Multimedia Systems serves as an excellent reference, providing insight into some of the most important research issues in the field.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Media are objects with content and character that we describe using in- phrases: in the story, in the picture, in the movie, in the dream. Like the propositional attitudes, these objects present a variety of hard problems for semantic and philosophical analysis. The Semantics of Media is an organized exploration of fundamental questions in the semantics of media. The first three chapters set out a straightforward model within the possible-worlds framework, and consider how it might account for a range of notions applying to media generally: implicit vs. explicit content, propositional vs. individual content, causal vs. intentional content and the idea of a single World of the Medium. The final three chapters examine ways of elaborating the model to cover a range of phenomena keyed to the functionality of particular forms of media. Chapter Four is a discussion of fiction and our apparent reference to fictional characters. Chapter Five deals with the phenomenon of viewpoint in pictorial media. Chapter Six is a study of interactions between users and characters of media centering on the puzzling case of seeing in films. The Semantics of Media will be of interest to specialists in the fields of linguistics, philosophy and communications.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The editors of the Applied Logic Series are happy to present to the reader the fifth volume in the series, a collection of papers on Logic, Language and Computation. One very striking feature of the application of logic to language and to computation is that it requires the combination, the integration and the use of many diverse systems and methodologies - all in the same single application. The papers in this volume will give the reader a glimpse into the problems of this active frontier of logic. The Editors CONTENTS Preface IX 1. S. AKAMA Recent Issues in Logic, Language and Computation 1 2. M. J. CRESSWELL Restricted Quantification 27 3. B. H. SLATER The Epsilon Calculus' Problematic 39 4. K. VON HEUSINGER Definite Descriptions and Choice Functions 61 5. N. ASHER Spatio-Temporal Structure in Text 93 6. Y. NAKAYAMA DRT and Many-Valued Logics 131 7. S. AKAMA On Constructive Modality 143 8. H. W ANSING Displaying as Temporalizing: Sequent Systems for Subintuitionistic Logics 159 9. L. FARINAS DEL CERRO AND V. LUGARDON 179 Quantification and Dependence Logics 10. R. SYLVAN Relevant Conditionals, and Relevant Application Thereof 191 Index 245 Preface This is a collection of papers by distinguished researchers on Logic, Lin guistics, Philosophy and Computer Science. The aim of this book is to address a broad picture of the recent research on related areas. In particular, the contributions focus on natural language semantics and non-classical logics from different viewpoints.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Managing Change in the Postal and Delivery Industries brings together practitioners, postal administrators, the express industry, regulators, economists and lawyers to examine the important policy and regulatory issues facing the postal and delivery industries. This volume reviews such topics as international postal policy, the universal service obligation, regulation and competition, entry and the role of scale and scope economics, cost analysis in postal services, and service standards. This book provides a unique perspective on the problems facing postal and delivery networks.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Numerical software is central to our computerized society. It is used to control aeroplanes and bridges, operate manufacturing lines, control power plants and refineries, and analyse financial markets. Such software must be accurate, reliable, robust, efficient, easy to use, maintainable and adaptable. Quality assessment and control of numerical software is still not well understood. Although measurement is a key element, it remains difficult to assess many components of software quality and to evaluate the trade-offs between them. Fortunately, as numerical software is built upon a long established foundation of mathematical and computational knowledge, there is great potential for dramatic breakthroughs. This volume will address enabling techniques and tools such as benchmarks, testing methodologies, quality standards, metrics, and accuracy control mechanisms, and their application to software for differential equations, linear algebra, data analysis, as well as the evaluation of integrals, derivatives and elementary and special functions.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - By George B. Dantzig LINEAR PROGRAMMING The Story About How It Began: Some legends, a little about its historical sign- cance, and comments about where its many mathematical programming extensions may be headed. Industrial production, the ow of resources in the economy, the exertion of military e ort in a war, the management of nances-all require the coordination of interrelated activities. What these complex undertakings share in common is the task of constructing a statement of actions to be performed, their timing and quantity(calledaprogramorschedule), that, ifimplemented, wouldmovethesystem from a given initial status as much as possible towards some de ned goal. While di erences may exist in the goals to be achieved, the particular processes, and the magnitudes of e ort involved, when modeled in mathematical terms these seemingly disparate systems often have a remarkably similar mathematical str- ture. The computational task is then to devise for these systems an algorithm for choosing the best schedule of actions from among the possible alternatives. The observation, in particular, that a number of economic, industrial, nancial, and military systems can be modeled (or reasonably approximated) by mathem- ical systems of linear inequalities and equations has given rise to the development of the linear programming eld.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The purpose of this book is to discuss, in depth, the current state of research and practice in database security, to enable readers to expand their knowledge. The book brings together contributions from experts in the field throughout the world. Database security is still a key topic in mist businesses and in the public sector, having implications for the whole of society.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This state-of-the-art text explores developments in geometric modeling, product modeling and their applications. In particular, it looks at the means by which product geometry emerges from the conceptual stages of design, and the use of geometric reasoning for applications downstream of design, including manufacture ands assembly. Much existing design research is either totally geometry based or totally non-geometric, and the interface between the two areas is of intense interest to industry, as well as being crucial for the successful development of integrated systems for design and manufacture. This interface is currently not well understood and the book makes a significant contribution towards its understanding. This book is essential reading for technical managers and research and development engineers.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Nitrates remain among the most commonly used therapeutic agents in cardiology. That they can re lieve pain in angina pectoris has been known at least since 1867, when Lauder Brunton described their clinical use. Now, almost 130 years later, we are constantly learning more about their optimal use in anginal syndromes. For example, there is no doubt that nitrate tolerance occurs, but equally no doubt that certain drug dosages help to attenuate such toler ance. Thus, our understanding of nitrate tolerance has been taken further by the advent of new nitrate preparations and by studies at a basic science level. The current intense interest in nitrates has been rekindled by the growing emphasis on the role of the endothelium in the production of nitric oxide, a basic cardiovascular regulator. If nitric oxide is vasodilator and protects the vascular endothelium, then nitrates should also have similar properties. Hence this book starts off with the role of the endothelium and ni trates in vasodilation. Next, the mechanisms of ac tion of nitrates are considered with emphasis on the role of cyclic GMP. The chief limitation to the use of nitrates lies in nitrate tolerance. After carefully looking at all the evidence, the authors of the third chapter conclude that the mechanism is likely to be multifactorial. The mechanism responsible for the tolerance still remains unknown. In vitro tolerance may be due to enhanced production of vascular superoxide [1].

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Computational Issues in High Performance Software for Nonlinear Research brings together in one place important contributions and up-to-date research results in this important area. Computational Issues in High Performance Software for Nonlinear Research serves as an excellent reference, providing insight into some of the most important research issues in the field.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Control theory methods in economics have historically developed over three phases. The first involved basically the feedback control rules in a deterministic framework which were applied in macrodynamic models for analyzing stabilization policies. The second phase raised the issues of various types of inconsistencies in deterministic optimal control models due to changing information and other aspects of stochasticity. Rational expectations models have been extensively used in this plan to resolve some of the inconsistency problems. The third phase has recently focused on the various aspects of adaptive control. where stochasticity and information adaptivity are introduced in diverse ways e.g .- risk adjustment and risk sensitivity of optimal control, recursive updating rules via Kalman filtering and weighted recursive least squares and variable structure control methods in nonlinear framework. Problems of efficient econometric estimation of optimal control models have now acquired significant importance. This monograph provides an integrated view of control theory methods, synthesizing the three phases from feedback control to stochastic control and from stochastic control to adaptive control. Aspects of econometric estimation are strongly emphasized here, since these are very important in empirical applications in economics.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Finite Fields are fundamental structures of Discrete Mathematics. They serve as basic data structures in pure disciplines like Finite Geometries and Combinatorics, and also have aroused much interest in applied disciplines like Coding Theory and Cryptography. A look at the topics of the proceed ings volume of the Third International Conference on Finite Fields and Their Applications (Glasgow, 1995) (see [18]), or at the list of references in I. E. Shparlinski's book [47] (a recent extensive survey on the Theory of Finite Fields with particular emphasis on computational aspects), shows that the area of Finite Fields goes through a tremendous development. The central topic of the present text is the famous Normal Basis Theo rem, a classical result from field theory, stating that in every finite dimen sional Galois extension E over F there exists an element w whose conjugates under the Galois group of E over F form an F-basis of E (i. e. , a normal basis of E over F; w is called free in E over F). For finite fields, the Nor mal Basis Theorem has first been proved by K. Hensel [19] in 1888. Since normal bases in finite fields in the last two decades have been proved to be very useful for doing arithmetic computations, at present, the algorithmic and explicit construction of (particular) such bases has become one of the major research topics in Finite Field Theory.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - In recent years global optimization has found applications in many interesting areas of science and technology including molecular biology, chemical equilibrium problems, medical imaging and networks. The collection of papers in this book indicates the diverse applicability of global optimization. Furthermore, various algorithmic, theoretical developments and computational studies are presented. Audience: All researchers and students working in mathematical programming.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - From the President of the Research Society on Alcoholism On behalf of the Research Society on Alcoholism, I am pleased to introduce this thirteenth volume of Recent Developments in Alcoholism about alcohol and violence. Current concepts are presented in well-organized sections that - cus on epidemiology, neurobiology, psychology, and family issues. It is - coming increasingly clear that age, gender, socioeconomic circumstances, and genetics affect aggressive behavior and vulnerability to alcoholism. This v- ume contains up-to-date discussions of these issues. Indeed, the information presented here will help all alcohol researchers to identify biological and social factors that contribute to the comorbidity of alcoholism and aggression. The editors and associate editors should be congratulated for bringing toge- er such important information. This volume will be a valuable resource for investigators and therapists alike. Ivan Diamond M. D. , Ph. D. President, Research Society on Alcoholism From the President of the American Society of Addiction Medicine The American Society of Addiction Medicine is honored to continue its - sponsorship with the Research Society on Alcoholism of Recent Developmen ts in Alcoholism. The topic of alcohol and violence is a particularly timely one, given the growing number of studies that are examining the relationship between the two. These studies are consistent with the hypothesis that al- hol can increase aggression and contribute to both domestic and criminal violence. Intoxicating blood levels of alcohol have been found to be especially prevalent in those injured in fights and assaults.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This thoroughly revised and updated three volume set continues to be the standard reference in the field, providing the latest in microelectronics design methods, modeling tools, simulation techniques, and manufacturing procedures. Unlike reference books that focus only on a few aspects of microelectronics packaging, these outstanding volumes discuss state-of-the-art packages that meet the power, cooling, protection, and interconnection requirements of increasingly dense and fast microcircuitry. Providing an excellent balance of theory and practical applications, this dynamic compilation features step-by-step examples and vital technical data, simplifying each phase of package design and production. In addition, the volumes contain over 2000 references, 900 figures, and 250 tables.Part I: Technology Drivers covers the driving force of microelectronics packaging - electrical, thermal, and reliability. It introduces the technology developer to aspects of manufacturing that must be considered during product development.Part II: Semiconductor Packaging discusses the interconnection of the IC chip to the first level of packaging and all first level packages. Electrical test, sealing, and encapsulation technologies are also covered in detail.Part III: Subsystem Packaging explores board level packaging as well as connectors, cables, and optical packaging.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The impetus for the present volume was provided by a European conference held at St. Martens Latem (Belgium) in September 1994 and sponsered by the Directorate General XII (Science, Research and Development) of the European Commission. Preparation of the volume was also financially supported by the Direc torate General. The editor, the contributors and all the participants in the conference are grateful to the European Commission for the generous help received. vii CONTRIBUTORS Hennann ACKERMANN, Department of Neurology, University of Ttibingen, 3 Hoppe Seyler-StraBe, 72076 Tiibingen (Gennany). Henny BIJLEVELD, Philologie Germanique, Faculte de Philosophie et Lettres, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 50 avo F. Roosevelt, 1050 Brussels (Belgium). Veronique CAPPAERT, University Hospital Ghent, 2PI Centrum voor Gehoor- en Spraakrevalidatie, 185 De Pintelaan, 9000 Gent (Belgium). Patrick COPPENS, Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, Moorhead State University, Moorhead, MN 56563 (USA). Jeanine DELEVAL, Department of Neurology, University Hospital 'Erasme', 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels (Belgium). Christine EECKHAUT, University Hospital Ghent, 2PI Centrum voor Gehoor- en Spraakrevalidatie, 185 De Pintelaan, 9000 Gent (Belgium). Ingo HERTRICH, Department of Neurology, University of Ttibingen, 3 Hoppe-Seyler StraBe, 72076 Ttibingen (Gennany). Margaret LEAHY, Clinical Speech and Language Studies, Trinity College, Dublin 2 (Ire land). Yvan LEBRUN, Neurolinguistics Department, School of Medicine VUB, 103 Laar beeklaan, 1090 Brussels (Belgium). Nadine MOREAU, Laboratoire de Neuropsycholinguistique Jacques Lordat, Departement des Sciences du Langage, Universite de Toulouse-Le Mirail, 5 allee A. Machado, 31058 Toulouse Cedex (France).

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The virtual campus: Trends for higher education and trainingwas the theme of the IFIP Working Conference on which this book is based. lt was a joint event of Working Groups 3.3 and 3.6, Research and distance Education respectively, of IFIP Technical Committee 3 for Education. International dissemination and promotion of cooperation are IFIP aims that we particularly wanted to address. This is why we opened the event to non WG members and have established a virtual forum on the WEB that has been widely visited. The programme for the 27 to 29 November 97 in Madrid included invited speakers from leading institutions in the field, reviewed and selected contributions from an open call for papers, on-site demonstrations of !arge European projects and discussion sessions involving distant and present participants. The event attracted experts from 23 countries. About a hundred persons were involved, from all over the world. The spread and accessibility of information and communication technologies are rapidly changing p!'actices in learning and research activities, both in professional and academic settings. The number, variety and scale of experiences reported in recent publications shows a growing international involvement concerning not only small groups of researchers but also institutions fully committed in that direction.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Proceedings of an international symposium, held in Ulm, Germany, September 21-24, 1994.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - During the past few years, we have been witnessing the rapid growth of the ap plications of Interactive Digital Video, Multimedia Computing, Desktop Video Teleconferencing, Virtual Reality, and High Definition Television (HDTV). An other information revolution which is tied to Cyberspace is almost within reach. The information, data, text, graphics, video, sound, etc. , in the form of multi media, can be requested, accessed, distributed, and transmitted to potentially every household. This is changing and will continue to change the way of people doing business, functioning in the society, and entertaining. In the foreseeable future, many personalized, portable information terminals, which can be car ried while traveling, will provide the link to central computer network to allow information exchange including videos from a node to node, from a center to a node, or nodes. Facing this opportunity, the question is what are the major significant technical challenges that people have to solve to push the-state-of-the-art for the realiza tion of the above mentioned technology advancement From our professional judgement We feel that one of the major technical challenges is in Video Data Compression. Video communications in the form of desktop teleconferencing, videophone, network video delivery on demand, even games, are going to be major media traveling in the information super highway, hopping from one node in the Cyberspace to the other.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Electronics has become the largest industry, surpassing agriCUlture, auto. and heavy metal industries. It has become the industry of choice for a country to prosper, already having given rise to the phenomenal prosperity of Japan. Korea. Singapore. Hong Kong. and Ireland among others. At the current growth rate, total worldwide semiconductor sales will reach $300B by the year 2000. The key electronic technologies responsible for the growth of the industry include semiconductors. the packaging of semiconductors for systems use in auto, telecom, computer, consumer, aerospace, and medical industries. displays. magnetic, and optical storage as well as software and system technologies. There has been a paradigm shift, however, in these technologies. from mainframe and supercomputer applications at any cost. to consumer applications at approximately one-tenth the cost and size. Personal computers are a good example. going from $500IMIP when products were first introduced in 1981, to a projected $lIMIP within 10 years. Thin. light portable. user friendly and very low-cost are. therefore. the attributes of tomorrow's computing and communications systems. Electronic packaging is defined as interconnection. powering, cool ing, and protecting semiconductor chips for reliable systems. It is a key enabling technology achieving the requirements for reducing the size and cost at the system and product level.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The 1995 International Cryogenic Materials Conference (lCMC) was held at the Greater Columbus Convention Center in Columbus, Ohio, in conjunction with the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) on July 17-21. The interdependent subjects of the two conferences attracted more than eight hundred participants, who came to share the latest advances in low-temperature materials science and technology. They also came for the important by products of the conferences: identification of new research areas, of collaborative research possibilities, and the establishment and renewal of exploration professional relationships. Ted Collings (Ohio State University), as Chairmen of the 1995 ICMC; Ted Hartwig (Texas A&M University), as Program Chairman; and twenty-one other Program Committee members expertly arranged the ICMC technical sessions and related activities. The contributions of the CEC board and its Conference Chairman James B. Peeples of CVI, Inc., were central to the success of the eleventh CEC/ICMC. Jeff Bergen of Lake Shore Cryogenics served as Exhibits Chairman. Local arrangements and conference management were expertly handled under the guidance of Centennial Conferences, Inc. Skillful assistance with editing and preparation ofthese proceedings was provided by Ms. Vicky Bardos ofSynchrony, Inc.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Polymers have achieved an enviable position as the class of materials having the highest volume of production, exceeding that of both metals and ceramics. The meteoric rise in the production and utilization of polymers has been due to advances in polymer synthesis which allow the creation of specific and well-defined molecular structures, to new knowledge concerning the relationships between polymer structure and properties, and to an improved understanding of how processing can be used as a tool to develop morphological features which result in desired properties. Polymers have truly become 'engineered materials' in every sense of the term. Polymer scientists and engineers are forever seeking to modify and improve the properties of synthetic polymeric systems for use in specific applications. Towards this end they have often looked to nature for advice on how to design molecules for specific needs. An excellent illustration of this is the use of noncovalent bonding (ionic, hydrogen, and van der Waals) in lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, where these noncovalent bonds, acting both intra and intermolecularly, precisely control the structure and thus the function of the entire system. The utilization of ionic bonding, in particular in man-made polymers has attracted widespread interest in recent years, since ionic interactions exert a similar strong influence on the structure and properties of these synthetic systems.