Editore: Book & Magazine Collector, London, 1995
Da: Cosmo Books, Shropshire., Regno Unito
Rivista / Giornale
EUR 10,29
Quantità: 3 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloBooklet - Unbound Pages. Condizione: Very Good. 9 pages. An authentic standalone article, extracted from a larger volume. Not a reprint or reproduction, but an original work in its own right. Supplied without title page or cover. Size: 14 x 21 cms. Category: Book & Magazine Collector; Cosmo Books : 29 years on ABE, 47 years taking care of customers. A bookseller you can rely on.
Editore: Longmans, Green and Co, GB, 1885
Da: Richard Sylvanus Williams (Est 1976), WINTERTON, Regno Unito
Prima edizione
EUR 8,22
Quantità: 1 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloHardback. Condizione: G++. Condizione sovraccoperta: No DW. 1st Edition. Publishers cloth. Fairly clean tight book is quite worn but no major faults. Book is in good double plus condition with noticeable signs of wear and/or age.
Lingua: Inglese
Editore: Longman, Green and Co, 1894
Da: R.E & G.B Way, NEWMARKET, SUFFO, Regno Unito
Membro dell'associazione: PBFA
Prima edizione
EUR 236,53
Quantità: 1 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloHardcover. Condizione: Very Good. 1st Edition. First Edition, 2 volumes, limited edition copy number 28 of 250 copies, , original half morocco, good set.
Editore: Longman's Green and Co. London, 1889
Da: Addyman Books, Hay-on-Wye, Regno Unito
EUR 41,39
Quantità: 1 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloThird edition. Bound in Half blue morocco, tan boards with gilt crest to upper bd. T.e.g. Cold frontis. with tissue guard. Ills. throughout. Some light foxing throughout o/w contents sound.
Lingua: Inglese
Editore: Longmans, Green, and Co., London, 1893
Da: Adminplots274, Bronx, NY, U.S.A.
"The Badminton Library Shooting: Field And Covert (1906) / Moor And Marsh (1893)" by The Badminton Library. This leather-bound book was published by Longmans, Green, and Co in London and includes illustrations. It is a limited edition includes one signature and one ex libris plate. Valuable collectible for those interested in shooting and the outdoors and history. The book is a personalized version with a unique European peer origin, providing a special and rare addition to your book collection.
Editore: Longmans Green, London, 1895
Da: Ken Saunders, Stirling, ON, Canada
EUR 35,39
Quantità: 1 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrellowell illust (illustratore). 3rd. Badminton Library od Sports & Pastimes edited by His Grace The Duke of Beaufort, K.G., assisted by Alfred E.T. Watson brown illustrated binding, very good conditio.
Editore: Longmans, Green and Co., London, 1892
Da: Antiquates Ltd - ABA, ILAB, Wareham, Dorset, Regno Unito
EUR 59,13
Quantità: 1 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloSecond edition. xvi, 439pp, [3]. With a half-title, frontispiece and terminal advertisement leaf. Original publisher's decorative cloth. Some rubbing and marking to extremities and spine (which is also slightly faded), some foxing to text. Rear hinge starting. Later armorial bookplate of the Barons Raglan, bearing the name 'Cefntilla', to FEP. The Badminton Library of Sports and Pastimes was an ambitious sports publishing project conceived by Henry Somerset, 8th Duke of Beaufort (the name derived from the Duke's country house, Badminton) and dedicated to the Prince of Wales, 'one of the best and keenest sportsmen of our time'. Between 1885 and 1902 some 33 separate works were published, each profusely illustrated, detailing the history and details of the sporting activity in question. Following the death of Fitzroy James Henry Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan (1788-1855), commander of allied forces during the Crimean War, 1,623 of his friends, admirers, and comrades purchased the estate of Cefntilla Court in Monmouthshire Wales, presenting the home to Richard Somerset, 2nd Baron Raglan (1817-1884) and his heirs in perpetuity as a memorial in remembrance of his father's contribution to the British military. Size: 8vo.
Editore: Longmans, Green and Co, London, 1891
Da: Antiquates Ltd - ABA, ILAB, Wareham, Dorset, Regno Unito
EUR 59,13
Quantità: 1 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloSecond edition. xiii, [1], 423pp, [1]. With a half title and frontispiece. Original publisher's decorative cloth. Some rubbing and marking to extremities and spine, some foxing to text. Both hinges cracking, with some splitting to endpapers. Some quires with unopened leaves. Later armorial bookplate of the Barons Raglan, bearing the name 'Cefntilla', to FEP. The Badminton Library of Sports and Pastimes was an ambitious sports publishing project conceived by Henry Somerset, 8th Duke of Beaufort (the name derived from the Duke's country house, Badminton) and dedicated to the Prince of Wales, 'one of the best and keenest sportsmen of our time'. Between 1885 and 1902 some 33 separate works were published, each profusely illustrated, detailing the history and details of the sporting activity in question. Following the death of Fitzroy James Henry Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan (1788-1855), commander of allied forces during the Crimean War, 1,623 of his friends, admirers, and comrades purchased the estate of Cefntilla Court in Monmouthshire Wales, presenting the home to Richard Somerset, 2nd Baron Raglan (1817-1884) and his heirs in perpetuity as a memorial in remembrance of his father's contribution to the British military. Size: 8vo.
Editore: Longmans, Green and Co, London, 1888
Da: Antiquates Ltd - ABA, ILAB, Wareham, Dorset, Regno Unito
EUR 59,13
Quantità: 1 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloSecond edition. xiii, [1], 429pp. With half-title and frontispiece. Original publisher's decorative cloth. Some rubbing and marking to extremities and spine, some foxing to text. Later armorial bookplate of the Barons Raglan, bearing the name 'Cefntilla', to FEP. The Badminton Library of Sports and Pastimes was an ambitious sports publishing project conceived by Henry Somerset, 8th Duke of Beaufort (the name derived from the Duke's country house, Badminton) and dedicated to the Prince of Wales, 'one of the best and keenest sportsmen of our time'. Between 1885 and 1902 some 33 separate works were published, each profusely illustrated, detailing the history and details of the sporting activity in question. Following the death of Fitzroy James Henry Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan (1788-1855), commander of allied forces during the Crimean War, 1,623 of his friends, admirers, and comrades purchased the estate of Cefntilla Court in Monmouthshire Wales, presenting the home to Richard Somerset, 2nd Baron Raglan (1817-1884) and his heirs in perpetuity as a memorial in remembrance of his father's contribution to the British military. Size: 8vo.
Editore: Longmans, Green, and Co, London, 1892
Da: Antiquates Ltd - ABA, ILAB, Wareham, Dorset, Regno Unito
Prima edizione
EUR 59,13
Quantità: 1 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloFirst edition. xiv, 464pp. With half-title, and frontispiece. Original publisher's decorative cloth. Some rubbing and marking to extremities and spine, some foxing to text. Later armorial bookplate of the Barons Raglan, bearing the name 'Cefntilla', to FEP. The Badminton Library of Sports and Pastimes was an ambitious sports publishing project conceived by Henry Somerset, 8th Duke of Beaufort (the name derived from the Duke's country house, Badminton) and dedicated to the Prince of Wales, 'one of the best and keenest sportsmen of our time'. Between 1885 and 1902 some 33 separate works were published, each profusely illustrated, detailing the history and details of the sporting activity in question. Following the death of Fitzroy James Henry Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan (1788-1855), commander of allied forces during the Crimean War, 1,623 of his friends, admirers, and comrades purchased the estate of Cefntilla Court in Monmouthshire Wales, presenting the home to Richard Somerset, 2nd Baron Raglan (1817-1884) and his heirs in perpetuity as a memorial in remembrance of his father's contribution to the British military. Size: 8vo.
Editore: Longmans, Green and Co, London, 1887
Da: Antiquates Ltd - ABA, ILAB, Wareham, Dorset, Regno Unito
EUR 59,13
Quantità: 1 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloThird edition. xiii, [3], 412pp, [2]. With half-title, frontispiece and terminal advertisement leaf. Original publisher's decorative cloth. Some rubbing and marking to extremities and spine, some foxing to text. With text leaves largely unopened. Later armorial bookplate of the Barons Raglan, bearing the name 'Cefntilla', to FEP. The Badminton Library of Sports and Pastimes was an ambitious sports publishing project conceived by Henry Somerset, 8th Duke of Beaufort (the name derived from the Duke's country house, Badminton) and dedicated to the Prince of Wales, 'one of the best and keenest sportsmen of our time'. Between 1885 and 1902 some 33 separate works were published, each profusely illustrated, detailing the history and details of the sporting activity in question. Following the death of Fitzroy James Henry Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan (1788-1855), commander of allied forces during the Crimean War, 1,623 of his friends, admirers, and comrades purchased the estate of Cefntilla Court in Monmouthshire Wales, presenting the home to Richard Somerset, 2nd Baron Raglan (1817-1884) and his heirs in perpetuity as a memorial in remembrance of his father's contribution to the British military. Size: 8vo.
Editore: Longmans, Green, and Co, London, 1888
Da: Antiquates Ltd - ABA, ILAB, Wareham, Dorset, Regno Unito
Prima edizione
EUR 59,13
Quantità: 1 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloFirst edition. x, [2], 340pp.With half-title and frontispiece. Original publisher's decorative cloth. Some rubbing and marking to extremities and spine, some foxing to text, rear hinge cracking. Later armorial bookplate of the Barons Raglan, bearing the name 'Cefntilla', to FEP. The Badminton Library of Sports and Pastimes was an ambitious sports publishing project conceived by Henry Somerset, 8th Duke of Beaufort (the name derived from the Duke's country house, Badminton) and dedicated to the Prince of Wales, 'one of the best and keenest sportsmen of our time'. Between 1885 and 1902 some 33 separate works were published, each profusely illustrated, detailing the history and details of the sporting activity in question. Following the death of Fitzroy James Henry Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan (1788-1855), commander of allied forces during the Crimean War, 1,623 of his friends, admirers, and comrades purchased the estate of Cefntilla Court in Monmouthshire Wales, presenting the home to Richard Somerset, 2nd Baron Raglan (1817-1884) and his heirs in perpetuity as a memorial in remembrance of his father's contribution to the British military. Size: 8vo.
Editore: Longmans, Green and Co., London, 1888
Da: Antiquates Ltd - ABA, ILAB, Wareham, Dorset, Regno Unito
EUR 59,13
Quantità: 1 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloFourth edition. xiii, [3], 472pp. With a half-title and frontispiece. Original publisher's decorative cloth. Some rubbing and marking to extremities and spine, some foxing to text, hinges just starting. Later armorial bookplate of the Barons Raglan, bearing the name 'Cefntilla', to FEP. The Badminton Library of Sports and Pastimes was an ambitious sports publishing project conceived by Henry Somerset, 8th Duke of Beaufort (the name derived from the Duke's country house, Badminton) and dedicated to the Prince of Wales, 'one of the best and keenest sportsmen of our time'. Between 1885 and 1902 some 33 separate works were published, each profusely illustrated, detailing the history and details of the sporting activity in question. Following the death of Fitzroy James Henry Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan (1788-1855), commander of allied forces during the Crimean War, 1,623 of his friends, admirers, and comrades purchased the estate of Cefntilla Court in Monmouthshire Wales, presenting the home to Richard Somerset, 2nd Baron Raglan (1817-1884) and his heirs in perpetuity as a memorial in remembrance of his father's contribution to the British military. Size: 8vo.
Editore: London: Longmans Green and Co., 1888, 1888
Da: Adrian Harrington Ltd, PBFA, ABA, ILAB, Royal Tunbridge Wells, KENT, Regno Unito
Prima edizione
EUR 59,13
Quantità: 1 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloFirst Edition. [Sport/recreation] FIRST EDITION. Octavo (19 x 15cm), pp.340. Illustrated throughout. Publisher's original decorated and titled brown cloth, green swan-patterned endpapers. Some foxing, bookplate and ink stamp to endpapers, covers lightly handled, some toning to spine. Very good.
Lingua: Inglese
Data di pubblicazione: 1889
Da: R.E & G.B Way, NEWMARKET, SUFFO, Regno Unito
Membro dell'associazione: PBFA
EUR 112,35
Quantità: 1 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloHardcover. Condizione: Very Good. Large paper edition, limited to 250 copies, with frontis, and illustrations, frontis foxed, original half blue morocco, split to bottom of spine repaired, , 4to, pp. 462.
Editore: Longmans Green and Co., London 1888, 1888
Da: Adrian Harrington Ltd, PBFA, ABA, ILAB, Royal Tunbridge Wells, KENT, Regno Unito
Prima edizione
EUR 70,96
Quantità: 1 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloFirst Edition. [Sport/recreation] FIRST EDITION. Octavo. Illustrated throughout. Elegantly hand-bound in half dark blue oasis morocco leather over marbled sides, spine gilt-lettered in six compartments with raised bands, top edge gilt. A little spotting to first and final leaves else a fine copy in attractive recent leather binding.
Editore: LondonLongmans Green and Co. ., 1904
Da: Robert Frew Ltd. ABA ILAB, London, Regno Unito
EUR 118,27
Quantità: 1 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrello8vo. (19 x 14.5cm). pp. xii+378+[4]. Original pictorial brown cloth, green patterned endpapers. 18 full page illustrations, with a further 35 in the text block. One loose plate at p.78 neatly reinserted. A very good copy. Originally published as Athletics and [Rugby] Football in 1887, evolving into this separate study of Association Football (soccer) and Rugby with Athletics similarly represented in its own volume.
Editore: London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1892
Da: Bow Windows Bookshop (ABA, ILAB), Lewes, Regno Unito
EUR 53,22
Quantità: 1 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloSecond edition, 8vo, xx, 464 pp. 13 plates plus illustrations in the text, partly unopened, owner's ink stamp to the paste downs. Original decorative brown cloth, lower cover marked with gilt initials to the lower corner, ink stamp repeated to the bottom of the text block.
Editore: London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1895, 1895
Da: Adrian Harrington Ltd, PBFA, ABA, ILAB, Royal Tunbridge Wells, KENT, Regno Unito
EUR 141,92
Quantità: 1 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrello[Sport] NEW EDITION. Octavo (18 x 13cm), pp.xiv; 480. Illustrated with 28 plates and many line drawings in the text by Thomas Hodge and Harry Furniss. Publisher's original decorated and titled brown cloth, green swan-patterned endpapers. Armorial bookplate of MacFarlane Digby, contents a little spotted, old tape mark to flyleaf, cloth a little rubbed and handled, one small nick to spine. Very good. First published in 1890, this definitive guide to golf was 'thoroughly revised with additions' in 1895. This printing is entirely reset and the text considerably longer.
Editore: London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1895-6, 1895
Da: Adrian Harrington Ltd, PBFA, ABA, ILAB, Royal Tunbridge Wells, KENT, Regno Unito
EUR 195,14
Quantità: 1 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrello[Sports] Two volumes, octavo (19 x 14cm). Illustrated throughout. First was 1885, these being reprinted 1895-6. Bound in publisher's half blue morocco with gilt titles to spines, yellow cloth boards with gilt crest to centre of uppers; blue ribbon markers, top edges gilt, other edges untrimmed, coated black endpapers. Contents clean with only light and occasional spotting. Hinges starting to first volume, else bindings sound and pleasantly aged, with some wear and re-colouring to corners and spine heads and tails. Very good.
Editore: Longman, Green and Co, 1894
Da: R.E & G.B Way, NEWMARKET, SUFFO, Regno Unito
Membro dell'associazione: PBFA
Prima edizione
EUR 206,96
Quantità: 1 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloHardcover. Condizione: Good. 1st Edition. First Edition, 2 volumes, limited edition copy number 133 of 250 copies, , original half morocco, little rubbed, , little foxing,
Editore: Longmans Green & Co, 1894
Da: Jonkers Rare Books, Henley on Thames, OXON, Regno Unito
Prima edizione
EUR 390,27
Quantità: 1 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloFirst edition, number 130 of 250 large paper copies. Blue half morocco over orange cloth. Gilt rules and crest vignette to upper cover. Gilt titles and ruled ends to spine. Top edge gilt others untrimmed, retaining blue page marker ribbon. A very good copy some minor wear to the boards and a previous ownership bookplate to front pastedown. Profusely illustrated with black and white frontispiece under a tissue guard, as well as twenty full page illustrations, further smaller illustrations to the text, and a fold out map to the rear. Victorian era sporting books were dominated by the Badminton Library Series, each one in a handsome binding and containing the expertise of the day along with a multitude of illustrations.
Editore: London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1894
Da: Bow Windows Bookshop (ABA, ILAB), Lewes, Regno Unito
EUR 70,96
Quantità: 1 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloFirst edition, 2 volumes, 8vo. 56 plates, including 7 coloured plates of flags, numerous black and white illustrations in the text, owner's ink stamp to the paste downs, both volumes unopened. Original decorative brown cloth, lower covers a little marked with gilt initials to the lower corner, ink stamp repeated to the bottom of the text block, a very good set.
Editore: Longmans, Green and Co. Ltd., London, 1900
Da: Angelika C. J. Friebe Ltd. - MapWoman, Dorking, Regno Unito
Arte / Stampa / Poster
EUR 76,87
Quantità: 1 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloNo Binding. Condizione: Near Fine. photographic presentation of a wood engravings; overall 19 x 13 cm, image 10,5 x 10 cm. one edge slightly frayed with stitchmarks; exc. cond.- A collection of 6 wrestling prints from 'The Badminton Library Book Of Sports. The Badminton Library, Fencing, Boxing, Wrestling, edited by His Grace the Duke of Beaufort, assisted by Alfred E. T. A Watson.', by Walter H. Pollock, E. B. Michell, and Walter Armstrong, and first published 1889.
EUR 74,81
Quantità: 1 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrello2nd. xiii-472 + xiii-412 pages, + advert leaf, frontis and numerous text illustrations. Foxing to frontis tissue guard and lesser so to title page, also to closed page edge. Armorial bookplate to the front paste down of each volume. Publishers' pictorial brown cloth with gilt title and fish vignette to the spine. A comprehensive guide for the Victorian angler on game and coarse fishing with some excellent period illustrations of tackle etc.
EUR 88,40
Quantità: 1 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloreprints. 2 volumes Fishing: xvi-483 + xvi (4)-448 pages, + advert leaf, frontis and numerous full page and text illustrations. Publishers' pictorial brown cloth with gilt title and fish vignette to the spines. Avery good + copy the contents clean the bindings bright with no defects A comprehensive guide for the Victorian and Edwardian angler running to many editions on game and coarse fishing with some excellent period illustrations of tackle etc.
Editore: Longmans, Green and Co. Ltd. , London, 1900
Da: Angelika C. J. Friebe Ltd. - MapWoman, Dorking, Regno Unito
Arte / Stampa / Poster
EUR 112,35
Quantità: 1 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloNo Binding. Condizione: Near Fine. photographic presentation of a wood engravings; overall 19 x 13 cm, image 10,5 x 10 cm. one edge slightly frayed with stitchmarks; exc. cond.- A collection of 9 boxing prints from 'The Badminton Library Book Of Sports. The Badminton Library, Fencing, Boxing, Wrestling, edited by His Grace the Duke of Beaufort, assisted by Alfred E. T. A Watson.', by Walter H. Pollock, E. B. Michell, and Walter Armstrong, and first published 1889.
EUR 163,21
Quantità: 1 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrello1st Edn,. xvi -453, x- 443 pages, advert leaf illustrated with full page and numerous text illustrations by Charles Whymper, J. Wolf and H. Willink, and from photographs. Some occasional spotting to contents, armorial bookplate to front paste down of each volume, publisher's brown pictorial cloth, with gilt lions head and moose's head to spines vg. Includes contributions by Sir Samuel Baker, F.C.Selous, W.C.Oswell, Abel Chapman etc., Vol I covers hunting in Africa, hunting elephant, lion, hippopotamus, rhinoceros, giraffe and other game. Vol II Asia, Arctic, Europe includes Arctic, European and India Hunting for Stag, Elk, Chamois. Ibex Bear Tiger etc.
Editore: London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1892, 1892
Da: Peter Harrington. ABA/ ILAB., London, Regno Unito
Prima edizione
EUR 236,53
Quantità: 1 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloFirst edition, number 208 of 250 large paper copies. This is the largest of the three formats in which the Badminton Library was issued: large paper, deluxe, and standard trade edition. The Badminton Library - handsomely produced, profusely illustrated and employing the leading authorities of the day - was the preeminent series of sporting books of the late Victorian era. The project was the brainchild of the publishers, Longman, who were themselves a keen sporting family: William had been a founder member of the Alpine Club and C. J. a football blue at Oxford and England archery champion. The chief editor was Henry Somerset, eighth duke of Beaufort (1824-1899), himself from a family of sportsmen, and the name "Badminton Library" was derived from Badminton in Gloucestershire, his principal country residence. He shared editorial duties with Alfred E. T. Watson (1849-1922). The original series consisted of 28 volumes, issued between 1885 and 1896. It "rapidly gained the reputation of being the 'last word' on questions relating to the subjects. Sets of these were an essential component in the libraries of gentlemen's clubs and country houses. Though subsequent works of reference have been as authoritative, none has been as thorough" (Michael Patterson, A Brief History of Life in Victorian Britain: A Social History of Queen Victoria's Reign, 2013). Quarto (242 x 186 mm). Frontispiece and title-page vignette with tissue guard, 11 plates, illustrations in the text, by Charles Whymper and Captain R. M. Alexander. Original blue half morocco, spine lettered in gilt, gilt coat of arms over orange cloth, blue endpapers, top edge gilt, other edges untrimmed, blue silk bookmarker. Spine sunned, small black marks to front cover, slight rubbing and wear to extremities, trivial short splits to rear inner hinges, remains firm, light foxing to free endpapers, contents otherwise bright and clean. A very good copy indeed.
Editore: London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1893, 1893
Da: Peter Harrington. ABA/ ILAB., London, Regno Unito
Prima edizione
EUR 325,23
Quantità: 1 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloFirst edition, number 165 of 250 large paper copies. This is the largest of the three formats in which the Badminton Library was issued: large paper, deluxe, and standard trade edition. The Badminton Library - handsomely produced, profusely illustrated and employing the leading authorities of the day - was the preeminent series of sporting books of the late Victorian era. The project was the brainchild of the publishers, Longman, who were themselves a keen sporting family: William had been a founder member of the Alpine Club and C. J. a football blue at Oxford and England archery champion. The chief editor was Henry Somerset, eighth duke of Beaufort (1824-1899), himself from a family of sportsmen, and the name "Badminton Library" was derived from Badminton in Gloucestershire, his principal country residence. He shared editorial duties with Alfred E. T. Watson (1849-1922). The original series consisted of 28 volumes, issued between 1885 and 1896. It "rapidly gained the reputation of being the 'last word' on questions relating to the subjects. Sets of these were an essential component in the libraries of gentlemen's clubs and country houses. Though subsequent works of reference have been as authoritative, none has been as thorough" (Michael Patterson, A Brief History of Life in Victorian Britain: A Social History of Queen Victoria's Reign, 2013). Quarto (251 x 186 mm). Engraved frontispiece with tissue guard, 12 engraved plates by Walker & Boutall and J. D. Cooper, after drawings by S. T. Dadd and photographs by G. Mitchell, illustrations in the text. Original blue half morocco, orange cloth, spine lettered in gilt, coat of arms to front cover in gilt, top edge gilt, other edges untrimmed, blue endpapers, blue silk page marker. Spine slightly sunned, a little rubbing and couple of spots of wear to extremities, couple of minor marks to covers, else bright, contents slightly foxed, plates largely unaffected. A very good copy.