springer netherlands dez 2010 (Oltre 2.400 risultati)

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Quantum and chaos, key concepts in contemporary science, are incompatible by nature. This volume presents an investigation into quantum transport in mesoscopic or nanoscale systems which are classically chaotic and shows the success and failure of quantal, semiclassical, and random matrix theories in dealing with questions emerging from the mesoscopic cosmos. These traditional theories are critically analysed, and this leads to a new direction. To reconcile quantum with chaos and to restore genuine temporal chaos in quantum systems, a time-discrete variant of quantum dynamics is proposed. Audience:This book will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in physics, chemistry and mathematics, whose work involves fundamental questions of quantum mechanics in chaotic systems. 228 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -effectiveness and creativity in different contexts. In this issue this will be presented in full detail in the articles which refer to different aspects of the Israeli educational context. This special issue of Studies in Philosophy and Education concentrates on the intellectual impotence, moral devotion, cultural willingness and social and techno logical efforts for the preservation and enhancement of the tyranny of normalizing education over human beings in a specific arena. The various studies in this issue, with all their differences of orientation and issues under consideration, will recon struct the ways for forcing subjects and communities to commit themselves to destroy the otherness - or the human potential - of the inner and external Other. They reveal this phenomenon as a characteristic of both the victimizers and their 8 victims. Normally philosophy of education supports this process and justifies or hides this reality. As will be shown in this special issue, however, at the same time philosophy of education might also become a non-productive or even a rebellious element in the culture industry and present a serious challenge to the present order. It can address and challenge the perpetual success of normalizing education, in all its versions, among all rival communities, narratives and armies of teachers, consumers, soldiers, and intellectuals. This, of course, does not guarantee that such a critique or resistance will not become another dogmatic or nihilistic blow to the free Spirit, or nothing but another version of normalizing education. 152 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -After Karl Jöreskog's first presentation in 1970, Structural Equation Modelling or SEM has become a main statistical tool in many fields of science. It is the standard approach of factor analytic and causal modelling in such diverse fields as sociology, education, psychology, economics, management and medical sciences. In addition to an extension of its application area, Structural Equation Modelling also features a continual renewal and extension of its theoretical background. The sixteen contributions to this book, written by experts from many countries, present important new developments and interesting applications in Structural Equation Modelling. The book addresses methodologists and statisticians professionally dealing with Structural Equation Modelling to enhance their knowledge of the type of models covered and the technical problems involved in their formulation. In addition, the book offers applied researchers new ideas about the use of Structural Equation Modeling in solving their problems. Finally, methodologists, mathematicians and applied researchers alike are addressed, who simply want to update their knowledge of recent approaches in data analysis and mathematical modelling. 380 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Human and machine discovery are gradual problem-solving processes of searching large problem spaces for incompletely defined goal objects. Research on problem solving has usually focused on searching an `instance space' (empirical exploration) and a `hypothesis space' (generation of theories). In scientific discovery, searching must often extend to other spaces as well: spaces of possible problems, of new or improved scientific instruments, of new problem representations, of new concepts, and others. This book focuses especially on the processes for finding new problem representations and new concepts, which are relatively new domains for research on discovery. Scientific discovery has usually been studied as an activity of individual investigators, but these individuals are positioned in a larger social structure of science, being linked by the `blackboard' of open publication (as well as by direct collaboration). Even while an investigator is working alone, the process is strongly influenced by knowledge and skills stored in memory as a result of previous social interactions. In this sense, all research on discovery, including the investigations on individual processes discussed in this book, is social psychology, or even sociology. 156 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Of the four chapters in this book, the first two discuss (albeit in consider ably modified form) matters previously discussed in my papers 'On the Logic of Conditionals' [1] and 'Probability and the Logic of Conditionals' [2], while the last two present essentially new material. Chapter I is relatively informal and roughly parallels the first of the above papers in discussing the basic ideas of a probabilistic approach to the logic of the indicative conditional, according to which these constructions do not have truth values, but they do have probabilities (equal to conditional probabilities), and the appropriate criterion of soundness for inferences involving them is that it should not be possible for all premises of the inference to be probable while the conclusion is improbable. Applying this criterion is shown to have radically different consequences from the orthodox 'material conditional' theory, not only in application to the standard 'fallacies' of the material conditional, but to many forms (e. g. , Contraposition) which have hitherto been regarded as above suspi cion. Many more applications are considered in Chapter I, as well as certain related theoretical matters. The chief of these, which is the most important new topic treated in Chapter I (i. e. 180 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In this book an attempt is made to single out those elements in the philosophical system of the Enneads that stand apart from the Platonist tradition. On the basis of an extensive analysis of fundamental texts the author shows that what Plotinus had in mind was a quite independent paradigm of metaphysical theology, with at its centre the human person. 124 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This is a collection of some works of Polish philosophers and physicists on philosophical problems of time and spacetime. Without restricting the thematic scope of the papers, the issue conceming objectivity of time flow runs as a uniting thread through most of them. Partly it is discussed directIy, and partly the authors focus on themes which are of paramount importance for one's attitude to that question. In the first six papers the authors deal with their topics against the background of contemporary physics, its theories, its difficulties and discussed conjectures. For the paper of S. Snihur that background is provided by everyday worId-outlook, and the author discusses the problem of existence and character of the future in the light of basic principles of cIassical logic. The paper of A. P61tawski, about the views of the outstanding polish philosopher Roman Ingarden, enriches the thematic scope of the coIIection introducing into it some questions from philosophical anthropology and ethics. JERZY GOLOSZ MOTION, SPACE, TIME\*. Abstract. The paper discusses the properties of spacetime we study by analyzing the phenomenon of motion. Of special interest are the spacetime symmetries. the spacetime structures and the ontological status of spacetime. These problems are considered on the grounds of the c1assical theories of motion contained in Newtonian physics, special and general theory of relativity. The controversy between an absolute and a relational conception of motion and its ontological implications are also analyzed. 172 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Since the introduction of phenomenology to Japan in the 1910's, Japan has steadily become a major international site for both original and scholarly phenomenological work. Phenomenology in Japan presents several of Japan's leading phenomenologists, studied in both the Buddhist and Western thought, who bring to bear their unique backgrounds on our rich fields of experience. These contributions converge in novel ways on the problem of `dualist', and draw on resources within the phenomenological tradition to respond to its challenges. 120 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -There can be little doubt that ours is a society riding the crest of vast and profound social and economic change. The material conditions and social landscapes through which we experience our lives are increasingly an unchartered sea of unanticipated shift and hidden consequence and many of us have the unsettling feeling that we are out of our depth. It is natural to respond to this rapid and fundamental change with concern, particularly when many of the enduring keystones of our lives have been problematized. Family is one such keystone. Family-and its apparent decline-is a topic of great interest. The breakdown of marriage and other relationships, family roles and responsibilities, the alienation of children, the rights of grandparents, juvenile crime and drug usage, and the emotional fallout of divorce are all current and emotive issues. Few individuals remain untouched by this debate. The changes we are witnessing in relation to family are made all the more worrisome because we have a limited vocabulary for discussing and understanding profound change-a vocabulary characterized by normative framings and assumptions of deficit. It is very easy to look at the changes in 'traditional' family structure and read 'breakdown', 'decline' and 'loss'. A politics of blame and rhetoric of 'reconstitution' very quickly follows. However, given the fundamental nature of contemporary social and economic change, this is not an adequate response. 176 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The Curves The Point of View of Max Noether Probably the oldest references to the problem of resolution of singularities are found in Max Noether's works on plane curves [cf. [148], [149]]. And probably the origin of the problem was to have a formula to compute the genus of a plane curve. The genus is the most useful birational invariant of a curve in classical projective geometry. It was long known that, for a plane curve of degree n having l m ordinary singular points with respective multiplicities ri, i E {1, . . . , m}, the genus p of the curve is given by the formula = (n - l)(n - 2) _ ~ 'r. (r. _ 1) P 2 2 L. . , -- . Of course, the problem now arises: how to compute the genus of a plane curve having some non-ordinary singularities. This leads to the natural question: can we birationally transform any (singular) plane curve into another one having only ordinary singularities The answer is positive. Let us give a flavor (without proofs) 2 on how Noether did it - To solve the problem, it is enough to consider a special kind of Cremona trans formations, namely quadratic transformations of the projective plane. Let ~ be a linear system of conics with three non-collinear base points r = {Ao, AI, A }, 2 and take a projective frame of the type {Ao, AI, A ; U}. 508 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Each undergraduate course of algebra begins with basic notions and results concerning groups, rings, modules and linear algebra. That is, it begins with simple notions and simple results. Our intention was to provide a collection of exercises which cover only the easy part of ring theory, what we have named the 'Basics of Ring Theory'. This seems to be the part each student or beginner in ring theory (or even algebra) should know - but surely trying to solve as many of these exercises as possible independently. As difficult (or impossible) as this may seem, we have made every effort to avoid modules, lattices and field extensions in this collection and to remain in the ring area as much as possible. A brief look at the bibliography obviously shows that we don't claim much originality (one could name this the folklore of ring theory) for the statements of the exercises we have chosen (but this was a difficult task: indeed, the 28 titles contain approximatively 15.000 problems and our collection contains only 346). The real value of our book is the part which contains all the solutions of these exercises. We have tried to draw up these solutions as detailed as possible, so that each beginner can progress without skilled help. The book is divided in two parts each consisting of seventeen chapters, the first part containing the exercises and the second part the solutions. 216 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This monograph on quantum wires and quantum devices is a companion vol ume to the author's Quantum Chaos and Mesoscopic Systems (Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1997). The goal of this work is to present to the reader the mathematical physics which has arisen in the study of these systems. The course which I have taken in this volume is to juxtapose the current work on the mathematical physics of quantum devices and the details behind the work so that the reader can gain an understanding of the physics, and where possible the open problems which re main in the development of a complete mathematical description of the devices. I have attempted to include sufficient background and references so that the reader can understand the limitations of the current methods and have direction to the original material for the research on the physics of these devices. As in the earlier volume, the monograph is a panoramic survey of the mathe matical physics of quantum wires and devices. Detailed proofs are kept to a min imum, with outlines of the principal steps and references to the primary sources as required. The survey is very broad to give a general development to a variety of problems in quantum devices, not a specialty volume. 320 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The already broad range of applications of ring theory has been enhanced in the eighties by the increasing interest in algebraic structures of considerable complexity, the so-called class of quantum groups. One of the fundamental properties of quantum groups is that they are modelled by associative coordinate rings possessing a canonical basis, which allows for the use of algorithmic structures based on Groebner bases to study them. This book develops these methods in a self-contained way, concentrating on an in-depth study of the notion of a vast class of non-commutative rings (encompassing most quantum groups), the so-called Poincaré-Birkhoff-Witt rings. We include algorithms which treat essential aspects like ideals and (bi)modules, the calculation of homological dimension and of the Gelfand-Kirillov dimension, the Hilbert-Samuel polynomial, primality tests for prime ideals, etc. 316 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The monograph presents some of the authors' recent and original results concerning boundedness and compactness problems in Banach function spaces both for classical operators and integral transforms defined, generally speaking, on nonhomogeneous spaces. Itfocuses onintegral operators naturally arising in boundary value problems for PDE, the spectral theory of differential operators, continuum and quantum mechanics, stochastic processes etc. The book may be considered as a systematic and detailed analysis of a large class of specific integral operators from the boundedness and compactness point of view. A characteristic feature of the monograph is that most of the statements proved here have the form of criteria. These criteria enable us, for example, togive var ious explicit examples of pairs of weighted Banach function spaces governing boundedness/compactness of a wide class of integral operators. The book has two main parts. The first part, consisting of Chapters 1-5, covers theinvestigation ofclassical operators: Hardy-type transforms, fractional integrals, potentials and maximal functions. Our main goal is to give a complete description of those Banach function spaces in which the above-mentioned operators act boundedly (com pactly). When a given operator is not bounded (compact), for example in some Lebesgue space, we look for weighted spaces where boundedness (compact ness) holds. We develop the ideas and the techniques for the derivation of appropriate conditions, in terms of weights, which are equivalent to bounded ness (compactness). 660 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The present monograph is devoted to the theory of the solvability in generalized functions of general boundary value problems of mathematieal physies. It is the eontinuation of the author's book [Rl], where elliptic boundary value problems have been studied in eomplete seales of spaees of generalized funetions. From the early sixties, in the works of Lions and Magenes [LiM] and Yu. Berezanskii, S. Krein and Va. Roitberg [BKR] the theorems on eomplete eolleetion of isomorphisms have been established. These theorems, roughly speaking, mean that the operator generated by an elliptie boundary value problem establishes an isomorphism between spaees of functions which 'have s derivatives' and spaees functions whieh 'have s - r derivatives' (here s is an arbitrary real number, r is the order of the elliptic problem). The dose results were also obtained by Seheehter [Sehe]. These results and some of their applieations are eontained in the book of Lions and Magenes [LiM2] (see also the survey of Magenes [MagD and Yu. Berezanskii [Ber]. Further progress in the theory under eonsideration was eonneeted, first, with the completion of the dass of elliptie problems for whieh the theorems on eomplete eolleetion of isomorphisms hold, and, henee, with the development of new methods of proving of these theorems, and, second, with the inerease of a number of applieations of the isomorphism theorems. In the author's monograph [RI] the last years' investigations on the isomorphism theorems and some of their applieations have been presented. 296 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Finsler geometry is the most natural generalization of Riemannian geo metry. It started in 1918 when P. Finsler [1] wrote his thesis on curves and surfaces in what he called generalized metric spaces. Studying the geometry of those spaces (which where named Finsler spaces or Finsler manifolds) became an area of active research. Many important results on the subject have been brought together in several monographs (cf. , H. Rund [3], G. Asanov [1], M. Matsumoto [6], A. Bejancu [8], P. L. Antonelli, R. S. Ingar den and M. Matsumoto [1], M. Abate and G. Patrizio [1] and R. Miron [3]) . However, the present book is the first in the literature that is entirely de voted to studying the geometry of submanifolds of a Finsler manifold. Our exposition is also different in many other respects. For example, we work on pseudo-Finsler manifolds where in general the Finsler metric is only non degenerate (rather than on the particular case of Finsler manifolds where the metric is positive definite). This is absolutely necessary for physical and biological applications of the subject. Secondly, we combine in our study both the classical coordinate approach and the modern coordinate-free ap proach. Thirdly, our pseudo-Finsler manifolds F = (M, M', F ) are such that the geometric objects under study are defined on an open submani fold M' of the tangent bundle T M, where M' need not be equal to the entire TMo = TMO(M). 256 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The aim of this book is to present a rigorous phenomenological and mathematical formulation of sedimentation processes and to show how this theory can be applied to the design and control of continuous thickeners. The book is directed to stu dents and researchers in applied mathematics and engineering sciences, especially in metallurgical, chemical, mechanical and civil engineering, and to practicing en gineers in the process industries. Such a vast and diverse audience should read this book differently. For this reason we have organized the chapters in such a way that the book can be read in two ways. Engineers and engineering students will find a rigorous formulation of the mathematical model of sedimentation and the exact and approximate solutions for the most important problems encountered in the laboratory and in industry in Chapters 1 to 3, 7 and 8, and 10 to 12, which form a self-contained subject. They can skip Chapters 4 to 6 and 9, which are most important to applied mathematicians, without losing the main features of sedimentation processes. On the other hand, applied mathematicians will find special interest in Chapters 4 to 6 and 9 which show some known but many recent results in the field of conservation laws of quasilinear hyperbolic and degenerate parabolic equations of great interest today. These two approaches to the theory keep their own styles: the mathematical approach with theorems and proofs, and the phenomenological approach with its deductive technique. 300 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The reader shall find in the offered monograph a systematic presentation of scientific effects in the field of anisotropy studies reached by the author and his collaborators in the period of recent four decades: published and discussed in a number of papers and conference contributions. The central construction line of discussion is to be sought in the full and comprehensive analysis of ret:) function defining the anisotropy coefficient varying during the tensile test. No doubt, this function can be considered as a nutshell carrier ofcomprehensive information about the essential features influencing the directionality of the studied material's plasticity. The function also provides the basis to elaborate methods used in the determination of such characteristics. In the historical presentation of literature in the field of plastic anisotropy, the original input was offered by W.M. Baldwin Jr., already in 1946, who observed the differentiated strain rates in three mutually perpendicular directions of the sample subjected to static tensile test. In the following years, further and expanded analysis of the problem was undertaken by Lankford, Hill, Gensamer, Jackson, Low and Smith. 168 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book grew out of our lectures given in the Oberseminar on 'Cod ing Theory and Number Theory' at the Mathematics Institute of the Wiirzburg University in the Summer Semester, 2001. The coding the ory combines mathematical elegance and some engineering problems to an unusual degree. The major advantage of studying coding theory is the beauty of this particular combination of mathematics and engineering. In this book we wish to introduce some practical problems to the math ematician and to address these as an essential part of the development of modern number theory. The book consists of five chapters and an appendix. Chapter 1 may mostly be dropped from an introductory course of linear codes. In Chap ter 2 we discuss some relations between the number of solutions of a diagonal equation over finite fields and the weight distribution of cyclic codes. Chapter 3 begins by reviewing some basic facts from elliptic curves over finite fields and modular forms, and shows that the weight distribution of the Melas codes is represented by means of the trace of the Hecke operators acting on the space of cusp forms. Chapter 4 is a systematic study of the algebraic-geometric codes. For a long time, the study of algebraic curves over finite fields was the province of pure mathematicians. In the period 1977 - 1982, V. D. Goppa discovered an amazing connection between the theory of algebraic curves over fi nite fields and the theory of q-ary codes. 160 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The developmentsin the recent yearsof the potential theoryemphasized a classof functions larger than that of excessive functions (i.e. the positive superharmonic functionsfromtheclassicalpotentialtheoryassociatedwiththeLaplaceopera tor), namely the strongly supermedian functions. It turns out that a positive Borel function will be strongly supermedian if and only if it is the in mum of all its excessive majorants. Apparently, these functions have been introduced by J.F. Mertens and then they have been studied mainly by P.A. Meyer, G. Mokobodzki, D. Feyel and recently by P.J. Fitzsimmons and R.K. Getoor. The aimofthis bookisamongothersto developa potential theoryappropriate to this new class of functions. Although our methods are analytical, we present also the probabilistic counterparts from the Markov processes theory. The natural frame in which this theory is settled is given by a sub-Markovian resolvent of kernels on a Radon measurable space. After a possible extension of the space, such a resolvent becomes that one associated with a right process on a Radon topological space, not necessary locally compact and without existing a reference measure. Intimately related to the excessive functions we present certain basic tools of the theory: the Ray topology and compacti cation, the ne carrier and the reduction operation on measurable sets. We examine di erent types of negligible sets with respect to a nite measure :the -polar, -semipolar and -mince sets. We take advantage of the cone of potentials structure for both excessive functions and measures. 380 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In Chapter 6, we describe the concept of braid equivalence from the topological point of view. This will lead us to a new concept braid homotopy that is discussed fully in the next chapter. As just mentioned, in Chapter 7, we shall discuss the difference between braid equivalence and braid homotopy. Also in this chapter, we define a homotopy braid invariant that turns out to be the so-called Milnor number. Chapter 8 is a quick review of knot theory, including Alexander's theorem. While, Chapters 9 is devoted to Markov's theorem, which allows the application of this theory to other fields. This was one of the motivations Artin had in mind when he began studying braid theory. In Chapter 10, we discuss the primary applications of braid theory to knot theory, including the introduction of the most important invariants of knot theory, the Alexander polynomial and the Jones polynomial. In Chapter 11, motivated by Dirac's string problem, the ordinary braid group is generalized to the braid groups of various surfaces. We discuss these groups from an intuitive and diagrammatic point of view. In the last short chapter 12, we present without proof one theorem, due to Gorin and Lin [GoL] , that is a surprising application of braid theory to the theory of algebraic equations. 288 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Historically, complex analysis and geometrical function theory have been inten sively developed from the beginning of the twentieth century. They provide the foundations for broad areas of mathematics. In the last fifty years the theory of holomorphic mappings on complex spaces has been studied by many mathemati cians with many applications to nonlinear analysis, functional analysis, differential equations, classical and quantum mechanics. The laws of dynamics are usually presented as equations of motion which are written in the abstract form of a dy namical system: dx / dt + f ( x) = 0, where x is a variable describing the state of the system under study, and f is a vector function of x. The study of such systems when f is a monotone or an accretive (generally nonlinear) operator on the under lying space has been recently the subject of much research by analysts working on quite a variety of interesting topics, including boundary value problems, integral equations and evolution problems (see, for example, [19, 13] and [29]). In a parallel development (and even earlier) the generation theory of one parameter semigroups of holomorphic mappings in en has been the topic of interest in the theory of Markov stochastic processes and, in particular, in the theory of branching processes (see, for example, [63, 127, 48] and [69]). 236 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This volume provides insight into modelling and ultimate limit computation of complex structures, with their components represented by solid deformable bodies. The book examines practically all the important questions of current interests for nonlinear solid mechanics: plasticity, damage, large deformations, contact, dynamics, instability, localisation and failure, discrete models, multi-scale, multi-physics and parallel computing, with special attention given to finite element solution methods. The presentation of topics is structured around different aspects of typical boundary value problems in nonlinear solid mechanics, which provides the best pedagogical approach while keeping the book size reasonable despite its very broad contents. Other strong pointsare the exhaustive treatment of subjects, with each question studied from different angles of mechanics, mathematics and computation, as well as a successful merger of scientific cultures and heritage from Europe and the USA. The book content and style is also the product of rich international experience in teaching Master and Doctoral level courses, as well as the courses organized for participants from industry (IPSI courses) in France, and similar courses in Germany and Italy. Every effort was made to make the contents accessible to non-specialists and users of computer programs. The original French edition published by Hermes Science - Lavoisier Parisin 2006was nominated for the Roberval Award for University Textbooks in French. 596 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -without a properly developed inconsistent calculus based on infinitesimals, then in consistent claims from the history of the calculus might well simply be symptoms of confusion. This is addressed in Chapter 5. It is further argued that mathematics has a certain primacy over logic, in that paraconsistent or relevant logics have to be based on inconsistent mathematics. If the latter turns out to be reasonably rich then paraconsistentism is vindicated; while if inconsistent mathematics has seri ous restriytions then the case for being interested in inconsistency-tolerant logics is weakened. (On such restrictions, see this chapter, section 3. ) It must be conceded that fault-tolerant computer programming (e. g. Chapter 8) finds a substantial and important use for paraconsistent logics, albeit with an epistemological motivation (see this chapter, section 3). But even here it should be noted that if inconsistent mathematics turned out to be functionally impoverished then so would inconsistent databases. 2. Summary In Chapter 2, Meyer's results on relevant arithmetic are set out, and his view that they have a bearing on G8del's incompleteness theorems is discussed. Model theory for nonclassical logics is also set out so as to be able to show that the inconsistency of inconsistent theories can be controlled or limited, but in this book model theory is kept in the background as much as possible. This is then used to study the functional properties of various equational number theories. 172 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The interaction between environmental change and human activities is com plex, requiring the concepts and tools of a number of disciplines for its effective analysis. Land-use and land-cover change has only recently become a topic susceptible to scientific research, as these concepts and tools have been devel oped and made available. Rooted in a broad community concemed with global change, systematic research has begun into land-use systems at different scales and interactions, and their links with global cyc1es of water, nitrogen and carbon are being explored. Partly based on research initiated by the Dutch National Research Programme on Global Air PolIution and Climate Change (NRP), this book touches upon various land-use and land-cover issues in relation to global environmental change. In addition to the biogeochemical cyc1es, land as a car rier for functions of economic activities, food and fibre production and energy production via biomass are discussed. Crucial in studying land use is human behaviour and man-environment interaction at different scales. Land-use and land-cover change is an important contrlbutor of greenhouse gasses as these activities directly interfere with the carbon, nitrogen and water cyc1es. These cyc1es are connected through numerous feedback loops. The interface of land-use and c1imate is essentially determined by the interaction of man and the environment. Man uses land primarily to produce food; a relatively small area is needed for urban development. 224 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This is the first book on higher dimensional Hadamard matrices and their applications in telecommunications and information security. It is divided into three parts according to the dimensions of the Hadamard matrices treated. The first part stresses the classical 2-dimensional Walsh and Hadamard matrices. Fast algorithms, updated constructions, existence results, and their generalised forms are presented. The second part deals with the lower-dimensional cases, e.g. 3-, 4-, and 6-dimensional Walsh and Hadamard matrices and transforms. One of the aims of this part is to simplify moving smoothly from 2-dimensional cases to the general higher-dimensional cases. This part concentrates on the 3-dimensional Hadamard and Walsh matrices. Constructions based upon direct multiplication, and upon recursive methods, and perfect binary arrays are also introduced. Another important topic is the existence and construction of 3-dimensional Hadamard matrices of orders 4k and 4k + 2 respectively, and a group of transforms based on 2-, 3-, 4-, and 6-dimensional Walsh-Hadamard matrices and their corresponding fast algorithms. The third part is the key part, which investigates the N-dimensional Hadamard matrices of order 2, which have been proved equivalent to the well-known H-Boolean functions and the perfect binary arrays of order 2. This equivalence motivates a group of perfect results about the enumeration of higher-dimensional Hadamard matrices of order 2. Applications of these matrices to feed forward networking, stream cipher, Bent functions, and error correction codes are presented in turn. After introducing the definitions of the regular, proper, improper, and generalised higher-dimensional Hadamard matrices, many theorems about the existence and constructions are presented. Perfect binary arrays, generalised perfect arrays, and the orthogonal designs are also used to construct new higher-dimensional Hadamard matrices. The many open problems in the study of the theory of higher-dimensional Hadamard matrices, which are also listed in the book, will encourage further research. Audience: This volume will appeal to researchers and graduate students whose work involves signal processing, coding, information security, and applied discrete mathematics. 332 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Exponential Fitting is a procedure for an efficient numerical approach of functions consisting of weighted sums of exponential, trigonometric or hyperbolic functions with slowly varying weight functions. This book is the first one devoted to this subject. Operations on the functions described above like numerical differentiation, quadrature, interpolation or solving ordinary differential equations whose solution is of this type, are of real interest nowadays in many phenomena as oscillations, vibrations, rotations, or wave propagation.The authors studied the field for many years and contributed to it. Since the total number of papers accumulated so far in this field exceeds 200 and the fact that these papers are spread over journals with various profiles (such as applied mathematics, computer science, computational physics and chemistry) it was time to compact and to systematically present this vast material.In this book, a series of aspects is covered, ranging from the theory of the procedure up to direct applications and sometimes including ready to use programs. The book can also be used as a textbook for graduate students. 324 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Preface All rings are assumed to be associative and (except for nilrings and some stipulated cases) to have nonzero identity elements. A ring A is said to be regular if for every element a E A, there exists an element b E A with a = aba. Regular rings are well studied. For example, [163] and [350] are devoted to regular rings. A ring A is said to be tr-regular if for every element a E A, there is an element n b E A such that an = anba for some positive integer n. A ring A is said to be strongly tr-regular if for every a E A, there is a positive integer n with n 1 n an E a + An Aa +1. It is proved in [128] that A is a strongly tr-regular ring if and only if for every element a E A, there is a positive integer m with m 1 am E a + A. Every strongly tr-regular ring is tr-regular [38]. If F is a division ring and M is a right vector F-space with infinite basis {ei}~l' then End(MF) is a regular (and tr-regular) ring that is not strongly tr-regular. The factor ring of the ring of integers with respect to the ideal generated by the integer 4 is a strongly tr-regular ring that is not regular. 368 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Iteration regularization, i.e., utilization of iteration methods of any form for the stable approximate solution of ill-posed problems, is one of the most important but still insufficiently developed topics of the new theory of ill-posed problems. In this monograph, a general approach to the justification of iteration regulari zation algorithms is developed, which allows us to consider linear and nonlinear methods from unified positions. Regularization algorithms are the 'classical' iterative methods (steepest descent methods, conjugate direction methods, gradient projection methods, etc.) complemented by the stopping rule depending on level of errors in input data. They are investigated for solving linear and nonlinear operator equations in Hilbert spaces. Great attention is given to the choice of iteration index as the regularization parameter and to estimates of errors of approximate solutions. Stabilizing properties such as smoothness and shape constraints imposed on the solution are used. On the basis of these investigations, we propose and establish efficient regularization algorithms for stable numerical solution of a wide class of ill-posed problems. In particular, descriptive regularization algorithms, utilizing a priori information about the qualitative behavior of the sought solution and ensuring a substantial saving in computational costs, are considered for model and applied problems in nonlinear thermophysics. The results of calculations for important applications in various technical fields (a continuous casting, the treatment of materials and perfection of heat-protective systems using laser and composite technologies) are given. 356 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In Commutative Algebra certain /-adic filtrations of Noetherian rings, i.e. the so-called Zariski rings, are at the basis of singularity theory. Apart from that it is mainly in the context of Homological Algebra that filtered rings and the associated graded rings are being studied not in the least because of the importance of double complexes and their spectral sequences. Where non-commutative algebra is concerned, applications of the theory of filtrations were mainly restricted to the study of enveloping algebras of Lie algebras and, more extensively even, to the study of rings of differential operators. It is clear that the operation of completion at a filtration has an algebraic genotype but a topological fenotype and it is exactly the symbiosis of Algebra and Topology that works so well in the commutative case, e.g. ideles and adeles in number theory or the theory of local fields, Puisseux series etc, . . In Non commutative algebra the bridge between Algebra and Analysis is much more narrow and it seems that many analytic techniques of the non-commutative kind are still to be developed. Nevertheless there is the magnificent example of the analytic theory of rings of differential operators and 1J-modules a la Kashiwara-Shapira. 268 pp. Englisch.